Neo Destour

New Constitutional Liberal Party الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد
President	Mahmud Materi (1934–1938) Habib Bourguiba (1938–1964)
Founded	March 2, 1934 (1934-03-02)
Dissolved	October 22, 1964 (1964-10-22)
Split from	Destour
Succeeded by	Socialist Destourian Party
Ideology	Nationalism
Politics of Tunisia Political parties Elections

The New Constitutional Liberal Party (Arabic: الحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد‎, al-Ḥizb al-Ḥurr ad-Dustūrī al-Jadīd), most commonly known as Neo Destour, was a Tunisian political party that was founded by a group of nationalist politicians during the French protectorate.

History

The party was formed as a result of a split from the pre-existing Destour party in 1934.^[1][2] Several leaders were particularly prominent during the party's early years before World War II: Habib Bourguiba, Mahmud Materi, Tahar Sfar, Bahri Guiga, and Salah ben Youssef.^[3][4]

Prior to the split, a younger group of Destour members had alarmed the party elders by appealing directly to the populace through their more radical newspaper L'Action Tunisienne. The younger group, many from the provinces, seemed more in tune with a wider spectrum of the Tunisian people, while the elders represented a more established constituency in the capital city of Tunis; yet both groups were proponents of change, either autonomy or independence. The rupture came at the Destour party congress of 1934.^[5][6]

Eventually the Neo Destour led the Tunisian independence struggle after the tumultuous period during World War II. A significant split occurred in the struggle's final year. Salah ben Yusuf challenged Habib Bourguiba over his gradualist tactics during autonomy talks in April, 1955. Ben Yusuf was expelled from the party that October; in November he mounted a large street demonstration to no avail. Ben Yusuf then left for Egypt.^[7] Independence from France was negotiated largely by the Neo Destour, effective March, 1956. The next year the Republic replaced the Beylical form of government. Tunisia became a one party state, with Neo Destour as the ruling party under Prime Minister and then President Habib Bourguiba.^[8]

Later the Neo Destour party was renamed the Parti Socialiste Destourien (PSD in its French acronym), during the socialist phase of political-economic development which commenced in 1964 under President Bourguiba.^[9][10]

In 1988, under President Ben Ali, the party was again renamed, to become the Rassemblement Constitutionel Démocratique (RCD).^[11] The RCD continued as the Tunisian ruling party until 2011 under President Ben Ali and became increasing dictatorial, before being abolished as part of the Arab Spring.

Election results

Presidential Elections

Election date	Party candidate	Number of votes received	Percentage of votes
1959	Habib Bourguiba	Unknown	100%

Parliamentary Elections

Election date	Party leader	Number of votes received	Percentage of votes	Number of deputies
1956	Habib Bourguiba	597,763	98.7%	98
1959	Habib Bourguiba	1,002,298	99.7%	90

Reference notes

1. ^ The Destour Party had been founded in 1920. Kenneth J. Perkins, A History of Modern Tunisia (Cambridge Univ. 2004) at 79.
2. ^ Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton Univ. 1986) at 162-167, 171.
3. ^ Perkins, A History of Modern Tunisia (Cambridge Univ. 2004) at 95-96, 98.
4. ^ Robert Rinehart, "Historical Setting" at 42, in Tunisia. A Country Study edited by Harold D. Nelson (Washington, D.C. 1987).
5. ^ Richard M. Brace, Morocco Algeria Tunisia (Prentice Hall 1964) at 62-63.
6. ^ Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton Univ. 1986) at 163, 167.
7. ^ Perkins, A History of Modern Tunisia (Cambridge University 2004) at 126-129.
8. ^ Brace, Morocco Algeria Tunisia (Prentice Hall 1964) at 114-116, 121-123, 140-143.
9. ^ Perkins, A History of Modern Tunisia (Cambridge Univ. 2004) at 146-147.
10. ^ Jean R. Tartter, "Government and Politics" at 234-238, in Tunisia. A Country Study (Washington, D. C. 1987).
11. ^ Perkins, A History of Modern Tunisia (Cambridge Univ. 2004) at 185.

See also

• Destour
• Neo Destour
• Parti Socialiste Destourian (PSD)
• Rassemblement Constitutionel Démocratique (RCD)