Mike Markkula

Mike Markkula
Born	Armas Clifford Markkula, Jr.[1] February 11, 1942 (1942-02-11) (age 69) Los Angeles, California, USA[1]
Known for	CEO of Apple Computer, Inc.

Armas Clifford "Mike" Markkula, Jr. (born February 11, 1942)^[1] is an American entrepreneur who was an angel investor and second CEO of Apple Computer, Inc., providing early critical funding and managerial support. He was introduced to Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak when they were looking for funding to manufacture the Apple II personal computer they had developed, after having sold some units of the first version of this computer, the Apple I. With this guidance and funding, Apple ceased to be a partnership and was incorporated as a company.

Before Apple

Markkula received Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California.^[2] He made millions on stock options he acquired as a marketing manager for Fairchild Semiconductor and Intel, and retired at 32.^[3]

Involvement in Apple

He was lured out of retirement by Steve Jobs, who was referred to him by Regis McKenna and venture capitalist Don Valentine.^[3] Valentine—who after meeting the young, unkempt Jobs asked McKenna, "Why did you send me this renegade from the human race?"—was not interested in funding Apple, but mentioned Jobs' new company to Markkula.^[4] Jobs visited him and convinced Markkula of the market for the Apple II and personal computers in general.^[3] In 1977, Markkula brought his business expertise along with US$250,000 ($80,000 as an equity investment in the company and $170,000 as a loan) and became a one-third owner of Apple and employee number 3.^[5]

Wozniak, who helped create the first two Apple computers, credits Markkula for the success of Apple more than himself.^[6] He helped the new company obtain credit and venture capital,^[4] brought in Michael Scott as the first president and CEO, then took the job himself from 1981 to 1983 despite having promised his wife that he would only stay at Apple for four years,^[3] and that he would retire by 1984^[4] Markkula served as chairman from 1985 until 1997, when a new board was formed after Jobs returned to the company. As chairman he approved Jef Raskin's 1979 plan to start designing what became the Macintosh, then prevented Jobs from killing the project in favor of his own Lisa.^[7] In 1985 Markkula took John Sculley's side in a dispute with Jobs, causing the latter to leave the company, and in 1993 he helped to force Sculley out.^[3]

In addition to providing "adult supervision" to the younger Jobs and Wozniak, as a trained engineer Markkula also possessed technical skills. He wrote several early Apple II programs, served as a beta tester for Apple hardware and software, and Wozniak designed the Disk II floppy disk drive system after Markkula found that a checkbook-balancing program he had written loaded too slowly from a data cassette.^[3]

After Apple

After his stint at Apple Computer, he continued on to found Echelon Corporation, ACM Aviation, San Jose Jet Center and Rana Creek Habitat Restoration and to endow the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University, where he now chairs the Board.

Markkula is an investor in Crowd Technologies, a startup developing a web application called Piqqem that applies the wisdom of crowds to stock market predictions. He is also an investor in Scotland based RunRev.

Markkula and his work with Apple was recently featured in the documentary film Something Ventured which premiered in 2011.

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b c} California Births, 1905 - 1995, Armas Clifford Markkula (Birth Date: 02/11/1942, County of Birth: Los Angeles)
2. ^ "A.C. "Mike" Markkula Jr.". Santa Clara University. http://www.scu.edu/ethics/about/people/advisory/markkula.html. Retrieved 2011-02-04. 
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f} Markoff, John (1997-09-01). "An 'Unknown' Co-Founder Leaves After 20 Years of Glory and Turmoil". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/01/business/an-unknown-co-founder-leaves-after-20-years-of-glory-and-turmoil.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm. Retrieved 2011-02-04. 
4. ^ ^{a b c} "The Seeds of Success". Time. 1982-02-15. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,925280,00.html. Retrieved 2011-02-23. 
5. ^ Jessica Livingston, Founders at Work - Stories of Startups' Early Days, Interview with Steve Wozniak, p. 56
6. ^ Jason Zasky, "The Failure Interview: Apple Computer Co-Founder Steve Wozniak", Failure Magazine, July 2000.
7. ^ Andy Hertzfeld (March 1982). "And Another Thing...". Folklore.org. http://folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=And_Another_Thing....txt. 

Bibliography

• The Journey is the Reward, Jeffrey Young's biography covering Steve Jobs' life until shortly after he founded NeXT computer company, has a wealth of carefully researched information about Markkula's nearly two-decade saga at Apple.

Preceded by Michael Scott

Apple CEO 1981–1983

Succeeded by John Sculley

Persondata
Name	Markkula, Mike
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1942-02-11
Place of birth	Los Angeles, California, USA
Date of death
Place of death