Hydrazoic acid

Hydrazoic acid

Chembox new
Name = Hydrazoic acid
ImageFile = Hydrogen-azide-2D-dimensions.png ImageName = Structure, bonding and dimensions of the hydrogen azide molecule
ImageFile1 = Hydrogen-azide-3D-vdW.png ImageName1 = Hydrazoic acid
IUPACName = hydrogen azide
Name = Properties:
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
SMILES = N=N=N
CASNo = 7782-79-8
RTECS =

Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = HN3
MolarMass = 43.03 g/mol
Solubility =
MeltingPt = −80 °C (193.15 K)
BoilingPt = 37 °C (310.15 K)
pKa = 4.6 to 4.7
Viscosity =

Section3 = Chembox Structure
MolShape = Linear
Dipole =

Section7 = Chembox Hazards
ExternalMSDS =
MainHazards = Highly toxic, explosive.
FlashPt =
RPhrases = R1, R2
SPhrases =

Section8 = Chembox Related
OtherAnions = Hydrogen chloride
OtherCations = Sodium azide
Function = acids
OtherFunctn = Hydrochloric acid
hydrocyanic acid
OtherCpds = Hydrazine

Hydrazoic acid, HN3, is a colorless, volatile, and extremely explosive liquid at room temperature and pressure.

Applications

Hydrazoic acid is used primarily for preservation of stock solutions, and as a reagent.

History

It was first isolated in 1890 by Theodor Curtius ("Berichte", 1890, 23, p. 3023).

Chemistry

It is soluble in water, and the solution dissolves many metals (e.g. zinc, iron) with liberation of hydrogen and formation of salts (azides, formerly also called azoimides or hydrazoates).

All the salts are explosive and readily interact with the alkyl iodides. In its properties hydrazoic acid shows some analogy to the halogen acids, since it forms poorly soluble lead, silver and mercurous salts (in water). The metallic salts all crystallize in the anhydrous form and decompose on heating, leaving a residue of the pure metal. It is a weak acid (pKa 4.6-4.7).

Production

The acid is usually formed by acidification of an azide salt like sodium azide. Normally solutions of sodium azide in water contain trace quantities of hydrazoic acid in equilibrium with the azide salt, but introduction of a stronger acid can convert the primary species in solution to hydrazoic acid. The pure acid may be subsequently obtained by fractional distillation as an extremely explosive colorless liquid with an unpleasant smell.

Toxicity

Hydrazoic acid is volatile and highly toxic. It has a pungent smell and its vapor can cause violent headaches. The compound acts as a non-cumulative poison.

References

* Dictionary of inorganic and organometallic compounds, Chapman & Hall

External links

* [http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_245950.html OSHA: Hydrazoic Acid]


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • hydrazoic acid — [hī΄drəzō′ik] n. [ HYDR(O) + AZO + IC] a colorless, volatile, poisonous acid, NHN:N, used in the manufacture of explosives …   English World dictionary

  • hydrazoic acid — noun a colorless explosive liquid that is volatile and poisonous and foul smelling • Syn: ↑azoimide, ↑hydrogen azide, ↑HN • Hypernyms: ↑hydride, ↑explosive • Substance Meronyms: ↑hydrazoite …   Useful english dictionary

  • hydrazoic acid — azido rūgštis statusas T sritis chemija formulė HN₃ atitikmenys: angl. azoimide; hydrazoic acid; hydrogen azide rus. азоимид; азотистоводородная кислота ryšiai: sinonimas – azoimidas sinonimas – vandenilio trinitridas …   Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas

  • hydrazoic acid — /haɪdrəˌzoʊɪk ˈæsəd/ (say huydruh.zohik asuhd) noun a highly toxic acid composed of hydrogen and nitrogen, HN3, occurring as a very explosive, colourless liquid with a penetrating smell …  

  • hydrazoic acid — noun Etymology: hydr + azo + 1 ic Date: 1894 a colorless volatile poisonous explosive liquid HN3 that has a foul odor and yields explosive salts of heavy metals …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • hydrazoic acid — a colorless, very explosive, poisonous liquid, HN3, having a penetrating odor and irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Also called azoimide. [1890 95] * * * …   Universalium

  • hydrazoic acid — noun The poisonous and explosive compound HN …   Wiktionary

  • hydrazoic — /huy dreuh zoh ik/, adj. noting or pertaining to hydrazoic acid; triazoic. [1890 95; HYDR 2 + AZ + IC] * * * …   Universalium

  • hydrazoic — adjective Of or pertaining to hydrazoic acid …   Wiktionary

  • hydrazoic — /haɪdrəˈzoʊɪk/ (say huydruh zohik) adjective denoting or relating to hydrazoic acid; triazoic …  

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