New Directions Publishers

New Directions Publishing Corp. was founded in 1936 by James Laughlin, then a Harvard University sophomore. The company was incorporated in 1964 as the New Directions Publishing Corporation and operates from New York City, and its books today are distributed by WW Norton & Company [ [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article?tocId=9369819 Laughlin,James] Britannica Concise Encyclopedia] .

New Directions "Annuals"

The Press initially focused on publishing experimental writing, and was noted in its early years for its (mostly) annual anthologies of recent writing, each titled "New Directions in Poetry and Prose" with either a year or a volume number after it (e.g., "New Directions in Poetry and Prose 1941" or "New Directions in Poetry and Prose 11"). The New Directions "annuals", as they are generally called, soon broadened their focus to include quality contemporary writing of all genres or schools, though the work included tended to represent a more intellectual side of American writing as well as a considerable amount of literature in translation from modernist authors around the world. Several collections of some of the best works from the annuals were published, including "Spearhead" (1947), which included work from the first ten years. The last of the annuals was published in 1991.

Early series

Throughout its existence, New Directions has published individual works by a wide range of authors. However, James Laughlin created a number of thematic "series" early in New Directions' life, in some cases offering subscriptions to the series in a manner similar to magazine publishers.

New Directions "Poet of the Month" and "Poet of the Year" series published thin volumes representing either lengthy individual poems or small collections of poems on a monthly basis, and a larger volume of poems by a deserving poet once a year. Each volume was published by a different small press and released by New Directions. The Series was discontinued after a few years.

"Directions" began in 1941 as a quarterly soft-bound journal, with each edition dedicated to a single author or work in prose. Early issues included a collection of short stories by Vladimir Nabokov and a play by William Carlos Williams. The subscription model did not take hold, and later editions in the series were published in more traditional form and sold as individual works and not just to subscribers. Another short-lived New Directions periodical, "Pharos", was discontinued after its fourth number was published in the Winter of 1947.

The "New Classics" and "Modern Readers" series reprinted recent books that had gone out of print but that the publishers felt deserved to become classics (including such works as "Exiles" and "Stephen Hero" by James Joyce and "The Great Gatsby" by F. Scott Fitzgerald). The "New Classics" series continued and became, with the "Annuals," one of the signature series of New Directions, helping to build the reputation of a number of works that are now considered "classics." The "Makers of Modern Literature" series published criticism and literary histories of major figures in or influences on modern literature [Repository: Houghton Library, Harvard College Library, Harvard University. Call No.: MS Am 2077. Date(s): ca. 1933-1997. New Directions Publishing Corp. Records: Guide. Houghton Library, Harvard College Library Records of New Directions Publishing Corporation largely from the Norfolk, Connecticut office of the founder, James Laughlin, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 © 2000 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. ] .

New Directions authors

New Directions' authors eventually included William Carlos Williams, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Henry Miller, Thomas Merton, Djuna Barnes, Vladimir Nabokov, Kenneth Patchen, Kenneth Rexroth, Robert Duncan, Delmore Schwartz, Dylan Thomas, Ezra Pound, George Oppen, Tennessee Williams, Rosmarie Waldrop, Michael Palmer, William Saroyan, Jean-Paul Sartre, Nathanael West, Aharon Shabtai, and Susan Howe, among others.

Jacket Design

Beginning after World War II, New Directions developed a close relationship with artist Alvin Lustig, who designed modernist abstract book jackets and who ultimately was responsible for developing a distinctive style of dust jacket that served as a New Directions hallmark for many years.

Literature in translation

The company also has published many translations of foreign literature, such as works by Hermann Hesse, Apollinaire, Borges, Rainer Marie Rilke, W.G. Sebald, Shusaku Endo, Octavio Paz, Roberto Bolano and Javier Marias; this remains one of the focal points of New Directions today.

External links

* [http://www.ndpublishing.com/home.html New Directions Publishing Corp. Website]
* [http://www.willhallbooks.com/ Will Hall Books] -- Checklist of early authors and books published by New Directions Press.
* [http://www.alvinlustig.org/index.asp Alvin Lustig]

Further reading

Laughlin, James "The Way It Wasn't"

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