Battle of Waynesboro

legend|#0000ff|UnionInfobox Military Conflict
conflict=Battle of Waynesboro
partof=the American Civil War


caption=
date=March 2 1865
place=Augusta County, Virginia
result=Union Victory, destruction of CSA General Jubal Anderson Early's forces.
combatant1= flagicon|USA|1863 United States of America
combatant2= flagicon|CSA|1863 Confederate States of America
commander1=Philip Sheridan
George Armstrong Custer
commander2=Jubal Anderson Early
strength1=2500
strength2=1600
casualties1=
casualties2=

The Battle of Waynesboro, was fought on March 2, 1865, in Augusta County, Virginia, in the American Civil War. It was the last battle for Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Anderson Early, whose force was destroyed.

Background

On February 27, 1865, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan rode with two cavalry divisions from Winchester "up" the Shenandoah Valley toward Staunton. He had orders to take his cavalry south to join William T. Sherman's army in the Carolinas Campaign. After crossing the North Fork of the Shenandoah River on the 28th, George Armstrong Custer's division encountered some 300 Confederate cavalrymen under Thomas Rosser guarding the Middle Fork near the village of Mount Crawford. Rosser set a long covered bridge on fire, hoping to delay the Federals. Custer ordered two of his regiments to swim across the river and strike Rosser's flank, while additional regiments stormed the bridge. Custer successfully drove off Rosser's meager force, extinguished the fire, and rode on to Staunton, where they were joined by the bulk of Sheridan's force the next day.

Battle

Desiring to eliminate Early's small force as a threat to his rear (and perhaps wanting to remain in Virginia to help finish off Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia near Richmond and Petersburg), Sheridan turned east instead of proceeding to Sherman. Custer's Union division slogged through muddy roads in a cold downpour, and on March 2 encountered the last remnant of Early’s Army of the Valley at Waynesboro. Aligned in a defensive position along a ridge in front of the South Fork of the Shenandoah River, Early had placed his artillery (11 to 14 guns) in a good position to contest any Federal advance. However, he left his left flank exposed, supposing (incorrectly) that a dense woods would impede any Union thrust in that direction.

After a brief stand-off, a determined Federal attack rolled up Early’s left flank and scattered his small force. More than 1,500 Confederates surrendered, while Early and a few of his staff evaded capture. Sheridan crossed the Blue Ridge Mountains to Charlottesville and then raided south, destroying the James River Canal locks near Goochland Court House. He joined forces with the Army of the Potomac near Petersburg on March 26 for the opening of the Appomattox Campaign.

References

* Official Records of the American Civil War