Bulgarian Archbishopric of Ohrid

The Archbishopric of Ohrid was an autonomous Bulgarian Orthodox Church [The Byzantine author Georghis Acropolita calls Demetrius Chomatianus the Archbishop of the Bulgarians. 13th c. Georgii Acropolitae Opera, rec. A. Heisenberg, I-II, Lipsiae 1903; ГИБИ, VIII, p. 158; the original is in Greek [http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/en/ban/ma2.html#47] ] [The Byzantine writer Theodore Scutariot calls Ohrid the Archbishopric of Bulgaria. Bibliotheca Graeca medii aevi, ed. Constant. Sathas. vol. VII, Parisiis, 1894, pp. 5427-54610 - Cf. ГИБИ, VШ, pp. 299-300. 13th c. [http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/en/ban/ma2.html#45] ] [The Byzantine Emperor, Andronicus II Paleologus, presented the Archbishop of Ohrid with a mantle with an inscription saying that the Archbishop was the spiritual head of the Bulgarian population. (Yordan Ivanov, The Bulgarians in Macedonia), pp. 149-150; the original is in Greek. [http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/en/ban/ma2.html#47] ] [The Synodicon of Tsar Boril states that the Archbishops of Ohrid are subordinated to the Turnovo Patriarchate. 14th c. (М. G. Popruzhenko, Synodicon of Tsar Boril, Bulgarian Antiquity), vol. VIII, Sofia, p. 93; the original is in Old Bulgarian [http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/en/ban/ma2.html#47] ] under the tutelage of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople between 1019 and 1767. In 972, Byzantine Emperor John I Tzimisces conquered and burned down Preslav capturing Bulgarian Tsar Boris II. The Patriarch Damyan managed to escape, initially to Sredetz in western Bulgaria. In the coming years, the residence of the Bulgarian patriarchs remained closely connected to the developments in the war between the next Bulgarian monarchist dynasty, the Comitopuli, and the Byzantine Empire. Thus, the next Patriarch German resided consecutively in Moglen and Voden - (in present-day Greece), and Prespa (in present-day Republic of Macedonia). Around 990, the last patriarch, Philip, moved to Ohrid (in present-day Republic of Macedonia), which also became the permanent seat of the Patriarchate. After by 1018 the First Bulgarian Empire had been subjugated by the Byzantines the Emperor Basil II acknowledged the autocephalous status of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church and by virtue of special royal decrees set up its boundaries, dioceses, property and other privileges. The Archibishopric was seated in Ohrid in the Byzantine theme of Bulgaria and was established in 1019 by lowering of the rank of the autocephalous Bulgarian Patriarchate and its subjugation to the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Although the first appointed archbishop (John of Debar) was a Bulgarian, his successors, as well as the whole higher clergy, were invariably Greeks, the most famous of them being Saint Theophylact of Bulgaria (1078-1107). The Greek language quite early replaced Old Bulgarian as the official language of the Archbishopric. All documents and even hagiographies of Bulgarian saints, for example the hagiography of Saint Clement of Ohrid, were written in Greek. Despite this, the Slavonic liturgy was preserved on the lower levels of the Church for several centuries. The autocephaly of the Ohrid Archbishopric remained respected during the periods of Byzantine, Bulgarian, Serbian and Ottoman rule and the church continued to exist until its abolition in 1767.

ee also

* List of archbishops of the Archbishopric of Ohrid
* Bulgarian Orthodox Church
* Macedonian Orthodox Church

References and Notes

External links

* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01103b.htm The history of Achrida (Ohrid) according to the Catholic Encyclopaedia]
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03046a.htm History of Bulgaria and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church according to the Catholic Encyclopaedia]