Undiladze

The Undiladze ( _ka. უნდილაძე) were a Georgian noble family whose members rose in prominence in the service of Iran’s Safavid dynasty and dominated the Shah’s court at a certain period of the late 16th and early 17th centuries.

The first known member of this family, Allahverdi Khan, was born to a Christian family in Georgia, but captured by the Persians during one of their raids, coverted into Islam and trained for the "ghulam" army, a special military structure consisting of Christian captives. His raise to the governorship of Fars in 1595 marked the beginning of Shah Abbas I’s policy of replacing Turkic Qizilbash officers with the former ghulams. By 1600, Allahverdi-Khan made it into the most influential minister of the Saffavid empire, being succeeded upon his death in 1613 by his older son, Imam-Quli Khan. Both father and son were responsible for the army reforms and major military exploits, including a series of successful campaigns that brought the Portuguese colonial gains in the Persian Gulf to an end. Allahverdi’s younger son, Daud Khan, served as governor of Ganja and Karabakh from 1625 to 1630, and had more intimate ties with Georgia, the country of the family’s origin.

Shah Abbas I placed complete trust in the family and did not feel threatened by their wealth and power. With Abbas’s death in 1629, the family’s influence began to fade. The new shah, Safi, extremely suspicious of Abbas’s favorites, resorted to bloody repressions, not without the advice and involvement of his new ministers, including the shah’s mentor Khosrow Mirza (Rostam Khan), a Muslim Georgian prince of the Bagrationi dynasty. Things came to a head in 1633, after Daud Khan Undiladze, recently removed from his position in the majlis, defected to Georgia and joined his brother-in-law, Teimuraz I, in his rebellion against the Saffavid hegemony. The same year, at Shah Safi’s orders, Imam-Quli Khan and his family were massacred and his possessions added to the crown domain. Daud Khan’s sons were captured and castrated. Daud himself, being pressured by the Persian troops in Georgia, fled to the Ottoman Empire and disappeared from history. The family has left a visible trace in Iranian culture. Their patronage of arts and education and zeal for building resulted in some of the most notable examples of the Saffavid architecture, especially in Shiraz and Esfahan. A [http://www.aftab.ir/e_card/photos/XFB1901Q.jpgstatue to Imam-Quli Khan] has recently been installed on the island of Qeshm.

References

*Roger M. Savory, [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a133.html Allāhverdī Khan] . "Encyclopædia Iranica Online Edition". Accessed on September 20, 2007.
*Roger M. Savory, [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v8f4/v8f451.html Emāmqolī Khan] . "Encyclopædia Iranica Online Edition". Accessed on September 20, 2007.
*Valerian N. Gabashvili. The Undiladze Feudal House in the Sixteenth to Seventeenth-Century Iran According to the Georgian Sources. "Iranian Studies", Volume 40, Issue 1 March 2007, pp. 37-58.
*Maeda, H. On the Ethno-Social Background of Four "gholem" Families from Georgia in Safavid Iran. "Studia Iranica", Volume 32, Issue 2 2003, pp. 243–278.