HLA-A24

monoisoform
isoformgroup = HLA-A24
polymer_type = MHC Class I, A cell surface antigen

---

image_source = Rendering of PDB2|2bck: α (A*2402 gene product), β₂-microglobulin, and telomerase peptide.
protein_type = transmembrane receptor/ligand
structure = αβ heterodimer
subunit_genes = HLA-A*24--, β₂-microglobulin
linkout = HAwA
alias = HL-A9
isoformCount = 2
subunit1 = allele
nick1 = A24
images1 = PDB2|2bck
allele1a = 2402
nick2 = A9.3
allele2a = 2403

HLA-A24 (A24) is a human leukocyte antigen "serotype" within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α²⁴ subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A24, the alpha, "A", chain are encoded by the HLA-A*24 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M .cite journal |author=Arce-Gomez B, Jones EA, Barnstable CJ, Solomon E, Bodmer WF |title=The genetic control of HLA-A and B antigens in somatic cell hybrids: requirement for beta2 microglobulin |journal=Tissue Antigens |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=96–112 |year=1978 |month=February |pmid=77067 |doi= |url=] This group currently is dominated by A*2402. A24 and A*24 are almost synonymous in meaning.A24 is a of the HLA-A9 and it is a sister serotype of HLA-A23.

A*2402 has one of the highest "A" frequencies identified for a number of peoples, including Papua New Guineans, Indigenous Taiwanese (Eastern Tribals), Yupik and Greenland Eskimos. It is common over much of Southeastern Asia. In Eurasia it is least common in Ireland, and A24 is relatively uncommon in Africa except North Africa and Kenya.

erotype

Serotype
color1=#B0E0FF |color2=#E0F0FF | color3 = #F0F8FF
gene = A
type = 24
types = 2
allelegroup = 24
alleles = 2
2ndType = 9
allele1 = 02 |type1alle1freq = 97 |type2alle1freq = |N1 = 3098
allele2 = 03 |type1alle2freq = 55 |type2alle2freq = 4 |N2 = 282

There are over 90 known A*24 alleles, 69 code for different isoforms and 7 are nulls. A*2403 can also be detected as A2403 serotype.

Associated disease

A24 has a secondary risk factor for "myasthenia gravis",cite journal | author = Machens A, Löliger C, Pichlmeier U, Emskötter T, Busch C, Izbicki J | title = Correlation of thymic pathology with HLA in myasthenia gravis. | journal = Clin Immunol | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 296–301 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10370374 | doi = 10.1006/clim.1999.4710] Buerger's disease. [cite journal | author = Numano F, Sasazuki T, Koyama T, Shimokado K, Takeda Y, Nishimura Y, Mutoh M | title = HLA in Buerger's disease. | journal = Exp Clin Immunogenet | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 195–200 | year = 1986 | pmid = 3274054]

Alleles

AlleleFreq
Placement = right
Allele = A*2402
Freq1 = 86.3 | People1 = Taiwan Paiwan
Freq2 = 78.4 | People2 = Taiwan Tsou
Freq3 = 76.0 | People3 = Taiwan Rukai
Freq4 = 74.4 | People4 = Papua New Guinea Goroka
Freq5 = 74.4 | People5 = PNG Karimui Plateau
Freq6 = 64.0 | People6 = Taiwan Puyuma
Freq7 = 62.8 | People7 = Taiwan Ami
Freq8 = 62.7 | People8 = PNG Wanigela
Freq9 = 61.8 | People9 = Taiwan Atayal
Freq10 = 61.4 | People10 = Ecuador Cayapa
Freq11 = 60.7 | People11 = New Caledonia
Freq12 = 60.2 | People12 = Venezuela Perja Mtn. Bari
Freq13 = 58.1 | People13 = USA Alaska Yupik Natives
Freq14 = 54.0 | People14 = Taiwan Tao
Freq15 = 51.3 | People15 = PNG Wosera
Freq16 = 47.1 | People16 = Taiwan Siraya
Freq17 = 44.5 | People17 = Taiwan Taroko
Freq18 = 37.5 | People18 = Mexico Chihuahua Tarahuma…
Freq19 = 36.0 | People19 = USA Arizona Pima
Freq20 = 33.6 | People20 = Taiwan Pazeh
Freq21 = 33.5 | People21 = Japan Okinawa Ryukuan
Freq22 = 33.0 | People22 = American Samoa
Freq23 = 32.7 | People23 = Japan (5)
Freq24 = 32.0 | People24 = Philippines Ivatan
Freq25 = 31.6 | People25 = PNG New Britain Rabaul
Freq26 = 30.5 | People26 = N. Mexico Canoncito Navaj…
Freq27 = 29.8 | People27 = Australia Indig. Yuendumu
Freq28 = 29.3 | People28 = Australia Indig. Groote E…
Freq29 = 27.2 | People29 = China Tibetans
Freq30 = 26.2 | People30 = S. Dakota Lakota Sioux
Freq31 = 24.5 | People31 = Mexico Mixtec Oaxaca
Freq32 = 24.0 | People32 = Japan Ainu Hokkaido
Freq33 = 23.3 | People33 = Venezuela Perija Mtns. Yu…
Freq34 = 23.1 | People34 = Mexico Zaptotec Oaxaca
Freq35 = 22.7 | People35 = USA North American Native…
Freq36 = 22.3 | People36 = Australia Indig. Cape Yor…
Freq37 = 22.2 | People37 = Ch. Guangdong Meizhou Han
Freq38 = 21.5 | People38 = Russia Tuva (2)
Freq39 = 21.5 | People39 = Singapore Chinese Han
Freq40 = 20.2 | People40 = India North Hindus
Freq41 = 20.0 | People41 = Mongolia Buriat
Freq42 = 19.6 | People42 = China Inner Mongolia
Freq43 = 18.9 | People43 = USA Asian
Freq44 = 18.6 | People44 = Taiwan Minnan (1)
Freq45 = 17.2 | People45 = China South Han
Freq46 = 17.1 | People46 = Georgia Tibilisi Georgian…
Freq47 = 16.7 | People47 = India Mumbai Marathas
Freq48 = 16.5 | People48 = Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz…
Freq49 = 16.5 | People49 = Singapore Riau Malay
Freq50 = 16.0 | People50 = Croatia
Freq51 = 16.0 | People51 = India Khandesh Pawra
Freq52 = 16.0 | People52 = Singapore Javanese Indone…
Freq53 = 16.0 | People53 = South Africa Natal Tamil
Freq54 = 15.6 | People54 = India Tamil Nadu Nadar
Freq55 = 15.3 | People55 = PNG Madang
Freq56 = 15.2 | People56 = China North Han
Freq57 = 15.2 | People57 = USA South Texas Hispanics
Freq58 = 14.2 | People58 = PNG West Schrader Ranges
Freq59 = 13.4 | People59 = China Guangxi Maonan
Freq60 = 13.4 | People60 = Mexico Mestizos
Freq61 = 13.1 | People61 = Georgia Svaneti Svans
Freq62 = 12.7 | People62 = Romanian
Freq63 = 12.5 | People63 = Pakistan Burusho
Freq64 = 12.2 | People64 = USA Hispanic
Freq65 = 11.8 | People65 = Bulgaria
Freq66 = 11.7 | People66 = Georgia Tibilisi Kurds
Freq67 = 11.4 | People67 = India New Delhi
Freq68 = 10.7 | People68 = Pakistan Sindhi
Freq69 = 10.7 | People69 = USA Caucasian
Freq70 = 10.6 | People70 = France South East
Freq71 = 10.2 | People71 = Pakistan Pathan
Freq72 = 10.0 | People72 = Cameroon Pygmy Baka
Freq73 = 9.4 | People73 = Finland
Freq74 = 8.6 | People74 = Brazil
Freq75 = 8.3 | People75 = Australia Indig. Kimberly
Freq76 = 8.2 | People76 = Australia New South Wales
Freq77 = 8.0 | People77 = Israel Arab Druse
Freq78 = 8.0 | People78 = Pakistan Baloch
Freq79 = 8.0 | People79 = Portugal Centre
Freq80 = 7.7 | People80 = Cameroon Sawa
Freq81 = 7.5 | People81 = Brazil Terena
Freq82 = 6.8 | People82 = Ireland South
Freq83 = 6.7 | People83 = Tunisia
Freq84 = 6.6 | People84 = Belguim
Freq85 = 6.2 | People85 = Morocco Berber Nador Meta…
Freq86 = 5.9 | People86 = Jordan Amman
Freq87 = 5.9 | People87 = Oman
Freq88 = 5.7 | People88 = Mexico Mixe Oaxaca
Freq89 = 5.4 | People89 = Portugal North
Freq90 = 5.3 | People90 = Sudanese
Freq91 = 4.5 | People91 = Mexico Sonora Seri
Freq92 = 4.3 | People92 = Uganda Kampala
Freq93 = 3.9 | People93 = Thailand
Freq94 = 3.4 | People94 = Iran Baloch
Freq95 = 2.8 | People95 = USA African America
Freq96 = 2.1 | People96 = Kenya
Freq97 = 1.5 | People97 = Guinea Bissau
Freq98 = 1.0 | People98 = Czech Republic
Freq99 = 1.0 | People99 = Kenya Nandi
Freq100 = 1.0 | People100 = South Africian Natal Zulu

A*2402 is a secondary risk factor, [cite journal | author = de Juan M, Reta A, Belzunegui J, Figueroa M, Maruri N, Cuadrado E | title = HLA-A*2402 and a microsatellite (D6S248) are secondary independent susceptibility markers to ankylosing spondylitis in Basque patients. | journal = Hum Immunol | volume = 65 | issue = 2 | pages = 175–80 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14969772 | doi = 10.1016/j.humimm.2003.11.006] alters type 1 diabetes risk,cite journal | author = Noble J, Valdes A, Bugawan T, Apple R, Thomson G, Erlich H | title = The HLA class I A locus affects susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. | journal = Hum Immunol | volume = 63 | issue = 8 | pages = 657–64 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12121673 | doi = 10.1016/S0198-8859(02)00421-4] [cite journal | author = Nakanishi K, Inoko H | title = Combination of HLA-A24, -DQA1*03, and -DR9 Contributes to Acute-Onset and Early Complete {beta}-Cell Destruction in Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Study of Residual {beta}-Cell Function. | journal = Diabetes | volume = 55 | issue = 6 | pages = 1862-8 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16731854] and allele associated with thymoma-induced myasthenia gravis.

Haplotypes

A24-Cw7-B39
A24-Cw10-B60
A24-Cw10-B61
A24-B48

A24-Cw4-B35

This particular haplotype is common across a fairly wide region, possibly the most widely spread A-Cw-B haplotype in humans. Cw4-B35 has a node within the region once referred to as Thracia/Dacia.

A24-Cw*14-B51

References