Senate House (University of London)

Infobox Modern building


caption=The Senate House of the University of London
name=Senate House
location_town=London
location_country=UK
architect=Charles Holden
client=University of London
engineer=
construction_start_date=1932
completion_date=1937
date_demolished=
cost=
structural_system=
style=Art Deco, Neo-Classical

Senate House, the administrative centre of the University of London, lies in the heart of Bloomsbury between the School of Oriental and African Studies to the north, with the British Museum to the south.

The main building contains the administrative offices of the University of London, including the offices of the Chancellor of the University, as well as the entire collection of the Senate House Library. The building consists of 19 floors and is convert|210|ft|m|0 high. The main entrance is from Malet Street to the west and the rear entrance from Russell Square to the east.

enate House Library

The fourth to the seventh floors of the building accommodate Senate House Library (formerly known as the University of London Library), which is open to staff and students of all colleges within the university (although levels of access differ between institutions) and contains material relevant chiefly to arts, humanities, and social science subjects.

The library is administered by the central university as part the University of London Research Library Services and in 2005 had over 32,000 registered users. It is the second largest library in London, outside that of the British Library, less than one mile to the North. The library holds around three million volumes, including an impressive 120,000 volumes printed before 1851. [http://www.ull.ac.uk/stats/] The Library’s history goes back to the official foundation of the University of London in 1836 but it really began life in 1871 when a bookfund was started. Along with a subscription to over 5200 Journals, other resources include the Goldsmiths' Library of Economic Literature and the Palaeography room, the largest public collection in Europe of books relating to the study of western manuscripts. The library also holds over 170,000 theses by Graduate students.

The Library is also home to the University of London archives [ [http://www.shl.lon.ac.uk/specialcollections/archives/dcollects.shtml archives information] ] , which include the archive of the central University itself and many other collections, including the papers of:
*Louis Sterling
*Charles Booth (philanthropist) and family
*Thomas Sturge Moore
*Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd
*Harry Price
*Florence Farr
*Opal Whiteley
*Herbert Spencer

History

After the First World War the University of London, then based at the Imperial Institute in Kensington was in urgent need of new office and teaching space to allow for its growth and expansion. In 1921 the government bought eleven acres (4.4 ha) of land there from the Duke of Bedford to provide a new site for the University. However many within the university were opposed to a move, and in 1926 the Duke of Bedford bought back the land. The election of William Beveridge however to the post of Vice-Chancellor of the University in June 1926 was highly significant in that Beveridge supported a move to Bloomsbury. Beveridge persuaded the Rockefeller Foundation to donate £400,000 to the University and the original site was reacquired in 1927.

The grand Art Deco design was the work of architect Charles Holden, who was appointed as architect in February 1931. The construction, which was undertaken by Holland, Hannen & Cubitts began in 1932, and King George V laid the ceremonial foundation stone on 26 June 1933. The building was completed five years later in 1937.

The structure is often considered to be London's second skyscraper, following 55 Broadway, the headquarters of London Underground, which was also the work of Charles Holden and is in effect its sister building. Its impressive size hailed the start of what was to be the largest seat of learning in the world; the original plans, however, detailed a building three times its original size, extending from the British Museum to the Octagon of University College London. A lack of funding and the onset of the Second World War deterred the original plans. A model of the full scheme can be seen today on the first floor.

During the 1930s Oswald Mosley, leader of the British Union of Fascists, intended to house Parliament in the building in the event of his taking power. Hitler also intended it as his headquarters in London after the invasion of Britain - this may be truth or 'urban legend' [ [http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/comment/story/0,,1655906,00.html It's time to knock down Hitler's headquarters and start again | comment | EducationGuardian.co.uk ] ] . An alternative theory is that as the second tallest building in central London, after St. Paul's Cathedral, Senate House was spared by the Luftwaffe as it provided a useful landmark for pilots navigating their way to the East End during the Blitz.

At the outbreak of the Second World War, Senate House became home to the Ministry of Information offices, as the library was transported out of London, to avoid being destroyed by the Luftwaffe.

Present day

Senate House remains a prominent landmark throughout Bloomsbury and is visible from some distance away. The building continues to be home to the Vice-Chancellor of the University of London and is the home of the University library. In late 2005 most of the university administrative offices moved to the adjacent building, Stewart House (32 Russell Square). As of 2006 the future of the Grade II listed Senate House is being greatly discussed, as both the role of the University of London is under debate, as is the Bloomsbury area. It is likely that Senate House will remain a leading academic library serving the growing academic community of Bloomsbury. [ [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0611/06112404 Bloomsbury masterplan ] ]

In popular culture

It is thought that the move of the Ministry of Information in the Second World War may have been a source of inspiration for the Ministry of Truth buildings in George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. Also, a library office there may have been the inspiration for Room 101 in that novel's Ministry of Love. Senate House is also popular with the film and television industries as a shooting location:

Film appearances

*"Film of Richard III", 1995 (UK/USA), starring Ian McKellen
*"Nineteen Eighty-Four" 1984, (UK), where it portrayed the Ministry of Love.
*"Blue Ice", a thriller starring Michael Caine and Sean Young, where it portrayed the Royal Hotel.
*"Batman Begins" 2005 (UK/USA), where it portrayed the hall of the main courthouse.
*"The Hunger" 1983, where its entrance hallway portrays part of a US hospital.
*"Enduring Love"
*"The Day of the Triffids", 1962, as "The London Tower"
*"The Revengers' Comedies"
* The pornographic film Spyboy (MI69 headquarters)

TV appearances

*Foyle's War, Series 2, Episode 3, War Games
*Jeeves and Wooster; Seasons 3-4 - used for exterior shots of Stuyvesant Towers, Bertie Wooster's Manhattan residence.
*"Mosley", 1997, UK TV series, in which it is used as a German ministry building.
*"Auf Wiedersehen, Pet", 2004 UK TV series, a number of rooms in the interior feature as Russian ministerial and prison interiors.
*Silent Witness
*"The Day of the Triffids (TV series)", Episode 3 from the 6 part, half-hour BBC TV series from 1981.

References

External links

* [http://www.lon.ac.uk/ University of London]
* [http://www.shl.lon.ac.uk/ Senate House Library]
* [http://www.c20society.org.uk/images/building/senate/model.jpgTwentieth Century Society - architectural model]
* [http://k1.ioe.ac.uk/is/archives/Beginnings/begssenate.html The History of Higher Education in Bloomsbury and Westminster - Senate House Library]