- Haimun
SS "Haimun" was a Chinese steamer ship commanded by
war correspondent Lionel James in 1904 during theRusso-Japanese War forThe Times . It is the first-known instance of a "press boat" dedicated to war correspondence during naval battles.The recent advent ofwireless telegraphy meant that reporters were no longer limited to submitting their stories from land-based offices, and The Times spent 74 days outfitting and equipping the ship [The Times , "First messages from the Yellow Sea",March 11 2004. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/court_and_social/the_hitch/article1042746.ece] ] , installing a De Forest transmitter aboard the ship.The ship sent its first news story on
15 March 1904Slattery, Peter. "Reporting the Russo-Japanese War,1904-5", 2004. [http://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1901903575] ] .While they covered naval manouvres in Port Arthur and the
Gulf of Pe-chi-li , De Forest employee H. J. Brown was careful to only transmit their stories to theWei-hai-wei receiving office from the waters belonging to neutral countries, or withininternational waters . The receiving tower was manned by 21-year old De Forest employee H. E. Ahearn.New York Times , "Wireless Workers Back from the Scene of War". August 31, 1904. pp SM6]Nevertheless, the ship's presence during wartime meant that it quickly aroused suspicion, and it was boarded and searched several times by Japanese ships, as well as being shot across the bow [Maver Jr, William. 'The American Monthly Review of Reviews' "Wireless Telegraphy Today". August 1904 pp 191-197. [http://www.radiorepairguy.com/web/1904mav.htm] ] by the Russian warship "Bayan".
On
April 15 1904, the Russian government announced its intentions to seize "any" ships owned by neutral countries that had the radio equipment that could potentially give away their military positions to enemies, a thinly-veiled threat against the Haimun.Lord Lansdowne quickly dismissed the Russian announcement as "unjustifiable and altogether absurd". [Higgins, A. Pearce. "War and the Private Citizen". 1912. pp 91-93.]In the end, faced with the prospect of Russian charges of
espionage as well as Japanese indignation at not having been foretold about the receiving station constructed without their permission [http://www.japansociety.org.uk/reviews/review060101.pdf] , James dismantled and abandoned the boat, from which he had sent 10,000 words of copy ["The De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Tower: Bulletin No. 1." Summer 1904.] , and continued his war correspondence the traditional way throughManchuria .References
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