Carduoideae

Taxobox
name = Carduoideae

---

image_width = 250px
image_caption = A thistle of the subfamily Carduoideae: "Galactites tomentosa"
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Asterales
familia = Asteraceae
subfamilia = Carduoideae
subfamilia_authority = (Sweet) Cass.

Carduoideae is the thistle subfamily of the Asteraceae, or sunflower family, of flowering plants. It is comprised of a number of tribes in various circumscriptions of the family, in addition to the Cynareae.

Takhtajan, according to Reveal, includes ten tribes in addition to the Cynareae, the Arctotideae, the Barnadesieae, the Carlineae, the Cichorieae, the Echinopeae, the Eremothamneae, the Gundelieae, the Liabeae, the Mutisieae, and the Vernonieae. Of these eleven, Thorne agrees with seven in his 8 tribe taxonomy of the Carduoideae, placing the Cardueae (Cynareae), plus Arctotideae, Cichorieae, Eremothamneae, Liabeae, Mutisieae, and Vernonieae tribes in the subfamily, plus the Tarchonantheae. [cite web
last = Reveal
first = JL
title = Selected Families of Angiosperms: Asteridae
work = PBIO 450 Lecture Notes
publisher = Norton-Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland
date = 1999-03-14
url = http://www.life.umd.edu/emeritus/reveal/pbio/pb450/aste19.html
accessdate = 2007-08-12] The Panero and Funk classification of 2002 (a molecular phylogenetic classification based upon chloroplast genes) places just three tribes in the subfamily: the Cynareae, plus the Dicomeae (created by Panero and Funk's paper, consisting of "Dicoma", "Erythrocephalum", "Gladiopappus", "Macledium", "Cloiselia", "Pasaccardoa", and "Pleiotaxis"), and the Tarchonantheae ("Tarchonanthus" plus "Brachylaena"). [cite journal
last = Panero
first = JL
coauthors = VA Funk
title = Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae)
journal = Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
volume = 115
issue = 4
pages = 909–922
publisher = Biological Society of Washington
date = 2002-12-30
url = http://www.mnh.si.edu/biodiversity/bdg/Panero&Funk2002.pdf
accessdate = 2007-08-12] The genus "Oldenburgia" may be within this subfamily but the data on this is inconclusive. The Takhtajan system divides the Asteraceae into only two subfamilies, the Asteroideae in addition to the Carduoideae, while Thorne adds the basal, monophyletic subfamily, the Barnadesioideae. The recent phylogeny of Panero and Funk divides the Asteraceae into 11 subfamilies.

References