Thorne system (1992)

A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system (1992) of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920- ). He replaced it in 2000 with a new system. These two systems were published in:
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The system is available online at two sites. Firstly, at the Center for the Study of Digital Libraries Texas A&M ( [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/newgate/thor1ang.htm CSDL, Texas] ). Secondly in the 1999 lecture notes by J.L. Reveal, at that time a professor at the Norton Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland ( [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/systems/thor1.html 1] , [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/systems/thor2.html 2] , [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/systems/thor3.html 3] ; with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system). According to the latter site the main groups in the system are:
* class "Magnoliopsida " [= angiosperms ]
*: subclass "Magnoliidae" [= dicotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Magnolianae"
*:: superorder "Nymphaeanae"
*:: superorder "Rafflesianae"
*:: superorder "Caryophyllanae"
*:: superorder "Theanae"
*:: superorder "Celastranae"
*:: superorder "Malvanae"
*:: superorder "Violanae"
*:: superorder "Santalanae"
*:: superorder "Geranianae"
*:: superorder "Rutanae"
*:: superorder "Proteanae"
*:: superorder "Rosanae"
*:: superorder "Cornanae"
*:: superorder "Asteranae"
*:: superorder "Solananae"
*:: superorder "Loasanae"
*:: superorder "Myrtanae"
*:: superorder "Gentiananae"
*: subclass "Liliidae" [= monocotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Lilianae"
*:: superorder "Hydatellanae"
*:: superorder "Triuridanae"
*:: superorder "Aranae"
*:: superorder "Cyclanthanae"
*:: superorder "Pandananae"
*:: superorder "Arecanae"
*:: superorder "Commelinanae"

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The Thorne system (1992) counts 440 families and 69 orders:

* class "Magnoliopsida " [= angiosperms ]
*: subclass "Magnoliidae" [= dicotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Magnolianae"
*::: order "Magnoliales"
*:::: family "Winteraceae"
*:::: family "Illiciaceae"
*:::: family "Schisandraceae"
*:::: family "Magnoliaceae"
*:::: family "Degeneriaceae"
*:::: family "Himantandraceae"
*:::: family "Eupomatiaceae"
*:::: family "Annonaceae"
*:::: family "Aristolochiaceae"
*:::: family "Myristicaceae"
*:::: family "Canellaceae"
*:::: family "Austrobaileyaceae"
*:::: family "Amborellaceae"
*:::: family "Trimeniaceae"
*:::: family "Chloranthaceae"
*:::: family "Monimiaceae"
*:::: family "Gomortegaceae"
*:::: family "Calycanthaceae"
*:::: family "Lauraceae"
*:::: family "Hernandiaceae"
*:::: family "Lactoridaceae"
*:::: family "Saururaceae"
*:::: family "Piperaceae"
*::: order "Ceratophyllales"
*:::: family "Ceratophyllaceae"
*::: order "Nelumbonales"
*:::: family "Nelumbonaceae"
*::: order "Paeoniales"
*:::: family "Paeoniaceae"
*:::: family "Glaucidiaceae"
*::: order "Berberidales"
*:::: family "Menispermaceae"
*:::: family "Lardizabalaceae"
*:::: family "Sargentodoxaceae"
*:::: family "Berberidaceae"
*:::: family "Hydrastidaceae"
*:::: family "Ranunculaceae"
*:::: family "Circaeasteraceae"
*:::: family "Papaveraceae"
*:: superorder "Nymphaeanae"
*::: order "Nymphaeales"
*:::: family "Cabombaceae"
*:::: family "Nymphaeaceae"
*:: superorder "Rafflesianae"
*::: order "Rafflesiales"
*:::: family "Hydnoraceae"
*:::: family "Rafflesiaceae"
*:: superorder "Caryophyllanae"
*::: order "Caryophyllales"
*:::: family "Caryophyllaceae"
*:::: family "Portulacaceae"
*:::: family "Hectorellaceae"
*:::: family "Basellaceae"
*:::: family "Didiereaceae"
*:::: family "Cactaceae"
*:::: family "Phytolaccaceae"
*:::: family "Petiveriaceae"
*:::: family "Agdestidaceae"
*:::: family "Barbeuiaceae"
*:::: family "Achatocarpaceae"
*:::: family "Stegnospermataceae"
*:::: family "Nyctaginaceae"
*:::: family "Aizoaceae"
*:::: family "Halophytaceae"
*:::: family "Molluginaceae"
*:::: family "Chenopodiaceae"
*:::: family "Amaranthaceae"
*:: superorder "Theanae"
*::: order "Theales"
*:::: family "Dilleniaceae"
*:::: family "Actinidiaceae"
*:::: family "Paracryphiaceae"
*:::: family "Stachyuraceae"
*:::: family "Theaceae"
*:::: family "Asteropeiaceae"
*:::: family "Tetrameristaceae"
*:::: family "Pellicieraceae"
*:::: family "Chrysobalanaceae"
*:::: family "Symplocaceae"
*:::: family "Caryocaraceae"
*:::: family "Marcgraviaceae"
*:::: family "Oncothecaceae"
*:::: family "Aquifoliaceae"
*:::: family "Phellinaceae"
*:::: family "Sphenostemonaceae"
*:::: family "Sarraceniaceae"
*:::: family "Pentaphylacaceae"
*:::: family "Clethraceae"
*:::: family "Cyrillaceae"
*:::: family "Ochnaceae"
*:::: family "Quiinaceae"
*:::: family "Scytopetalaceae"
*:::: family "Medusagynaceae"
*:::: family "Strasburgeriaceae"
*:::: family "Ancistrocladaceae"
*:::: family "Dioncophyllaceae"
*:::: family "Nepenthaceae"
*:::: family "Bonnetiaceae"
*:::: family "Clusiaceae"
*:::: family "Elatinaceae"
*:::: family "Lecythidaceae"
*::: order "Ericales"
*:::: family "Ericaceae"
*:::: family "Epacridaceae"
*:::: family "Empetraceae"
*::: order "Fouquieriales"
*:::: family "Fouquieriaceae"
*::: order "Styracales"
*:::: family "Ebenaceae"
*:::: family "Lissocarpaceae"
*:::: family "Sapotaceae"
*:::: family "Styracaceae"
*::: order "Primulales"
*:::: family "Theophrastaceae"
*:::: family "Myrsinaceae"
*:::: family "Primulaceae"
*:::: family "Plumbaginaceae"
*::: order "Polygonales"
*:::: family "Polygonaceae"
*:: superorder "Celastranae"
*::: order "Celastrales"
*:::: family "Celastraceae"
*:::: family "Goupiaceae"
*:::: family "Lophopyxidaceae"
*:::: family "Stackhousiaceae"
*:::: family "Corynocarpaceae"
*:: superorder "Malvanae"
*::: order "Malvales"
*:::: family "Sterculiaceae"
*:::: family "Huaceae"
*:::: family "Elaeocarpaceae"
*:::: family "Plagiopteraceae"
*:::: family "Tiliaceae"
*:::: family "Monotaceae"
*:::: family "Dipterocarpaceae"
*:::: family "Sarcolaenaceae"
*:::: family "Sphaerosepalaceae"
*:::: family "Bombacaceae"
*:::: family "Malvaceae"
*::: order "Urticales"
*:::: family "Ulmaceae"
*:::: family "Moraceae"
*:::: family "Cecropiaceae"
*:::: family "Barbeyaceae"
*:::: family "Urticaceae"
*:::: family "Cannabaceae"
*::: order "Rhamnales"
*:::: family "Rhamnaceae"
*:::: family "Elaeagnaceae"
*::: order "Euphorbiales"
*:::: family "Euphorbiaceae"
*:::: family "Aextoxicaceae"
*:::: family "Simmondsiaceae"
*:::: family "Dichapetalaceae"
*:::: family "Gonystylaceae"
*:::: family "Thymelaeaceae"
*:: superorder "Violanae"
*::: order "Violales"
*:::: family "Bixaceae"
*:::: family "Cochlospermaceae"
*:::: family "Cistaceae"
*:::: family "Violaceae"
*:::: family "Flacourtiaceae"
*:::: family "Physenaceae"
*:::: family "Lacistemataceae"
*:::: family "Salicaceae"
*:::: family "Dipentodontaceae"
*:::: family "Peridiscaceae"
*:::: family "Scyphostegiaceae"
*:::: family "Passifloraceae"
*:::: family "Turneriaceae"
*:::: family "Malesherbiaceae"
*:::: family "Achariaceae"
*:::: family "Caricaceae"
*:::: family "Tamaricaceae"
*:::: family "Frankeniaceae"
*:::: family "Cucurbitaceae"
*:::: family "Begoniaceae"
*:::: family "Datiscaceae"
*::: order "Brassicales"
*:::: family "Resedaceae"
*:::: family "Capparaceae"
*:::: family "Brassicaceae"
*:::: family "Salvadoraceae"
*:::: family "Gyrostemonaceae"
*::: order "Batales"
*:::: family "Bataceae"
*:: superorder "Santalanae"
*::: order "Santalales"
*:::: family "Olacaceae"
*:::: family "Opiliaceae"
*:::: family "Medusandraceae"
*:::: family "Santalaceae"
*:::: family "Misodendraceae"
*:::: family "Loranthaceae"
*:::: family "Eremolepidaceae"
*:::: family "Viscaceae"
*::: order "Balanophorales"
*:::: family "Balanophoraceae"
*:::: family "Cynomoriaceae"
*:: superorder "Geranianae"
*::: order "Linales"
*:::: family "Humiriaceae"
*:::: family "Ctenolophonaceae"
*:::: family "Hugoniaceae"
*:::: family "Ixonanthaceae"
*:::: family "Linaceae"
*:::: family "Erythroxylaceae"
*:::: family "Zygophyllaceae"
*:::: family "Balanitaceae"
*::: order "Rhizophorales"
*:::: family "Rhizophoraceae"
*::: order "Geraniales"
*:::: family "Oxalidaceae"
*:::: family "Geraniaceae"
*:::: family "Balsaminaceae"
*:::: family "Tropaeolaceae"
*:::: family "Limnanthaceae"
*::: order "Polygalales"
*:::: family "Malpighiaceae"
*:::: family "Trigoniaceae"
*:::: family "Vochysiaceae"
*:::: family "Polygalaceae"
*:::: family "Krameriaceae"
*:: superorder "Rutanae"
*::: order "Rutales"
*:::: family "Rutaceae"
*:::: family "Rhabdodendraceae"
*:::: family "Cneoraceae"
*:::: family "Simaroubaceae"
*:::: family "Picramniaceae"
*:::: family "Ptaeroxylaceae"
*:::: family "Meliaceae"
*:::: family "Burseraceae"
*:::: family "Anacardiaceae"
*:::: family "Leitneriaceae"
*:::: family "Tepuianthaceae"
*:::: family "Coriariaceae"
*:::: family "Sapindaceae"
*:::: family "Sabiaceae"
*:::: family "Melianthaceae"
*:::: family "Akaniaceae"
*:::: family "Bretschneideraceae"
*:::: family "Moringaceae"
*:::: family "Surianaceae"
*:::: family "Connaraceae"
*:::: family "Fabaceae"
*:: superorder "Proteanae"
*::: order "Proteales"
*:::: family "Proteaceae"
*:: superorder "Rosanae"
*::: order "Hamamelidales"
*:::: family "Trochodendraceae"
*:::: family "Eupteleaceae"
*:::: family "Cercidiphyllaceae"
*:::: family "Platanaceae"
*:::: family "Hamamelidaceae"
*::: order "Casuarinales"
*:::: family "Casuarinaceae"
*::: order "Balanopales"
*:::: family "Buxaceae"
*:::: family "Didymelaceae"
*:::: family "Daphniphyllaceae"
*:::: family "Balanopaceae"
*::: order "Bruniales"
*:::: family "Roridulaceae"
*:::: family "Bruniaceae"
*:::: family "Geissolomataceae"
*:::: family "Grubbiaceae"
*:::: family "Myrothamnaceae"
*:::: family "Hydrostachyaceae"
*::: order "Juglandales"
*:::: family "Rhoipteleaceae"
*:::: family "Juglandaceae"
*:::: family "Myricaceae"
*::: order "Betulales"
*:::: family "Ticodendraceae"
*:::: family "Betulaceae"
*:::: family "Nothofagaceae"
*:::: family "Fagaceae"
*::: order "Rosales"
*:::: family "Rosaceae"
*:::: family "Neuradaceae"
*:::: family "Crossosomataceae"
*:::: family "Anisophylleaceae"
*::: order "Saxifragales"
*:::: family "Tetracarpaeaceae"
*:::: family "Crassulaceae"
*:::: family "Cephalotaceae"
*:::: family "Penthoraceae"
*:::: family "Saxifragaceae"
*:::: family "Francoaceae"
*:::: family "Grossulariaceae"
*:::: family "Vahliaceae"
*:::: family "Eremosynaceae"
*:::: family "Lepuropetalaceae"
*:::: family "Parnassiaceae"
*:::: family "Stylidiaceae"
*:::: family "Droseraceae"
*:::: family "Greyiaceae"
*:::: family "Diapensiaceae"
*::: order "Podostemales"
*:::: family "Podostemaceae"
*::: order "Cunoniales"
*:::: family "Cunoniaceae"
*:::: family "Davidsoniaceae"
*:::: family "Staphyleaceae"
*:: superorder "Cornanae"
*::: order "Hydrangeales"
*:::: family "Hydrangeaceae"
*:::: family "Escalloniaceae"
*:::: family "Carpodetaceae"
*:::: family "Griseliniaceae"
*:::: family "Alseuosmiaceae"
*:::: family "Montiniaceae"
*:::: family "Brexiaceae"
*:::: family "Columelliaceae"
*:::: family "Desfontainiaceae"
*::: order "Cornales"
*:::: family "Vitaceae"
*:::: family "Gunneraceae"
*:::: family "Haloragaceae"
*:::: family "Cornaceae"
*:::: family "Curtisiaceae"
*:::: family "Alangiaceae"
*:::: family "Garryaceae"
*:::: family "Aucubaceae"
*:::: family "Aralidiaceae"
*:::: family "Eucommiaceae"
*:::: family "Icacinaceae"
*:::: family "Metteniusaceae"
*:::: family "Cardiopteridaceae"
*:::: family "Peripterygiaceae"
*::: order "Pittosporales"
*:::: family "Pittosporaceae"
*:::: family "Byblidaceae"
*:::: family "Tremandraceae"
*::: order "Araliales"
*:::: family "Helwingiaceae"
*:::: family "Torricelliaceae"
*:::: family "Araliaceae"
*:::: family "Hydrocotylaceae"
*:::: family "Apiaceae"
*::: order "Dipsacales"
*:::: family "Caprifoliaceae"
*:::: family "Adoxaceae"
*:::: family "Valerianaceae"
*:::: family "Triplostegiaceae"
*:::: family "Dipsacaceae"
*:::: family "Morinaceae"
*:: superorder "Asteranae"
*::: order "Asterales"
*:::: family "Calyceraceae"
*:::: family "Asteraceae"
*::: order "Campanulales"
*:::: family "Menyanthaceae"
*:::: family "Pentaphragmataceae"
*:::: family "Sphenocleaceae"
*:::: family "Campanulaceae"
*:::: family "Goodeniaceae"
*:: superorder "Solananae"
*::: order "Solanales"
*:::: family "Solanaceae"
*:::: family "Duckeodendraceae"
*:::: family "Goetzeaceae"
*:::: family "Nolanaceae"
*:::: family "Convolvulaceae"
*:::: family "Hydrophyllaceae"
*:::: family "Boraginaceae"
*:::: family "Hoplestigmataceae"
*:::: family "Lennoaceae"
*:::: family "Tetrachondraceae"
*:::: family "Polemoniaceae"
*:: superorder "Loasanae"
*::: order "Loasales"
*:::: family "Loasaceae"
*:: superorder "Myrtanae"
*::: order "Myrtales"
*:::: family "Lythraceae"
*:::: family "Alzateaceae"
*:::: family "Rhynchocalycaceae"
*:::: family "Penaeaceae"
*:::: family "Oliniaceae"
*:::: family "Trapaceae"
*:::: family "Crypteroniaceae"
*:::: family "Melastomataceae"
*:::: family "Combretaceae"
*:::: family "Onagraceae"
*:::: family "Myrtaceae"
*:: superorder "Gentiananae"
*::: order "Gentianales"
*:::: family "Loganiaceae"
*:::: family "Rubiaceae"
*:::: family "Dialypetalanthaceae"
*:::: family "Apocynaceae"
*:::: family "Gentianaceae"
*:::: family "Saccifoliaceae"
*::: order "Scrophulariales"
*:::: family "Oleaceae"
*:::: family "Buddlejaceae"
*:::: family "Stilbaceae"
*:::: family "Bignoniaceae"
*:::: family "Pedaliaceae"
*:::: family "Martyniaceae"
*:::: family "Myoporaceae"
*:::: family "Scrophulariaceae"
*:::: family "Gesneriaceae"
*:::: family "Globulariaceae"
*:::: family "Plantaginaceae"
*:::: family "Lentibulariaceae"
*:::: family "Acanthaceae"
*:::: family "Callitrichaceae"
*:::: family "Hippuridaceae"
*:::: family "Verbenaceae"
*:::: family "Phrymaceae"
*:::: family "Symphoremataceae"
*:::: family "Nesogenaceae"
*:::: family "Avicenniaceae"
*:::: family "Lamiaceae"
*: subclass "Liliidae" [= monocotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Lilianae"
*::: order "Liliales"
*:::: family "Melanthiaceae"
*:::: family "Campynemataceae"
*:::: family "Alstroemeriaceae"
*:::: family "Colchicaceae"
*:::: family "Liliaceae"
*:::: family "Trilliaceae"
*:::: family "Iridaceae"
*::: order "Burmanniales"
*:::: family "Burmanniaceae"
*:::: family "Corsiaceae"
*::: order "Asparagales"
*:::: family "Asparagaceae"
*:::: family "Luzuriagaceae"
*:::: family "Asphodelaceae"
*:::: family "Aphyllanthaceae"
*:::: family "Phormiaceae"
*:::: family "Tecophilaeaceae"
*:::: family "Lanariaceae"
*:::: family "Hemerocallidaceae"
*:::: family "Asteliaceae"
*:::: family "Hanguanaceae"
*:::: family "Agavaceae"
*:::: family "Hostaceae"
*:::: family "Blandfordiaceae"
*:::: family "Dasypogonaceae"
*:::: family "Xanthorrhoeaceae"
*:::: family "Ixioliriaceae"
*:::: family "Hyacinthaceae"
*:::: family "Alliaceae"
*:::: family "Amaryllidaceae"
*:::: family "Hypoxidaceae"
*:::: family "Velloziaceae"
*:::: family "Cyanastraceae"
*:::: family "Eriospermaceae"
*::: order "Dioscoreales"
*:::: family "Philesiaceae"
*:::: family "Rhipogonaceae"
*:::: family "Petermanniaceae"
*:::: family "Smilacaceae"
*:::: family "Dioscoreaceae"
*:::: family "Trichopodaceae"
*:::: family "Stemonaceae"
*:::: family "Taccaceae"
*::: order "Orchidales"
*:::: family "Orchidaceae"
*:: superorder "Hydatellanae"
*::: order "Hydatellales"
*:::: family "Hydatellaceae"
*:: superorder "Triuridanae"
*::: order "Triuridales"
*:::: family "Triuridaceae"
*:: superorder "Alismatanae"
*::: order "Alismatales"
*:::: family "Butomaceae"
*:::: family "Alismataceae"
*:::: family "Hydrocharitaceae"
*::: order "Potamogetonales"
*:::: family "Aponogetonaceae"
*:::: family "Scheuchzeriaceae"
*:::: family "Juncaginaceae"
*:::: family "Potamogetonaceae"
*:::: family "Posidoniaceae"
*:::: family "Cymodoceaceae"
*:::: family "Zannichelliaceae"
*:::: family "Zosteraceae"
*:: superorder "Aranae"
*::: order "Acorales"
*:::: family "Acoraceae"
*::: order "Arales"
*:::: family "Araceae"
*:::: family "Lemnaceae"
*:: superorder "Cyclanthanae"
*::: order "Cyclanthales"
*:::: family "Cyclanthaceae"
*:: superorder "Pandananae"
*::: order "Pandanales"
*:::: family "Pandanaceae"
*:: superorder "Arecanae"
*::: order "Arecales"
*:::: family "Arecaceae"
*:: superorder "Commelinanae"
*::: order "Bromeliales"
*:::: family "Bromeliaceae"
*::: order "Philydrales"
*:::: family "Philydraceae"
*:::: family "Pontederiaceae"
*:::: family "Haemodoraceae"
*::: order "Typhales"
*:::: family "Typhaceae"
*::: order "Zingiberales"
*:::: family "Musaceae"
*:::: family "Strelitziaceae"
*:::: family "Lowiaceae"
*:::: family "Heliconiaceae"
*:::: family "Zingiberaceae"
*:::: family "Costaceae"
*:::: family "Cannaceae"
*:::: family "Marantaceae"
*::: order "Commelinales"
*:::: family "Rapateaceae"
*:::: family "Xyridaceae"
*:::: family "Commelinaceae"
*:::: family "Mayacaceae"
*:::: family "Eriocaulaceae"
*::: order "Juncales"
*:::: family "Thurniaceae"
*:::: family "Juncaceae"
*:::: family "Cyperaceae"
*::: order "Poales"
*:::: family "Flagellariaceae"
*:::: family "Joinvilleaceae"
*:::: family "Restionaceae"
*:::: family "Ecdeiocoleaceae"
*:::: family "Centrolepidaceae"
*:::: family "Poaceae"