- Thorne system (1992)
A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system (1992) of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert F. Thorne (1920- ). He replaced it in 2000 with a new system. These two systems were published in:
*
*
*
*The system is available online at two sites. Firstly, at the Center for the Study of Digital Libraries Texas A&M ( [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/newgate/thor1ang.htm CSDL, Texas] ). Secondly in the 1999 lecture notes by J.L. Reveal, at that time a professor at the Norton Brown Herbarium, University of Maryland ( [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/systems/thor1.html 1] , [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/systems/thor2.html 2] , [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/systems/thor3.html 3] ; with an extensive listing of synonyms, both nomenclatural and taxonomic, for each name in the system). According to the latter site the main groups in the system are:
* class "Magnoliopsida " [= angiosperms ]
*: subclass "Magnoliidae " [= dicotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Magnolianae "
*:: superorder "Nymphaeanae "
*:: superorder "Rafflesianae "
*:: superorder "Caryophyllanae "
*:: superorder "Theanae "
*:: superorder "Celastranae "
*:: superorder "Malvanae "
*:: superorder "Violanae "
*:: superorder "Santalanae "
*:: superorder "Geranianae "
*:: superorder "Rutanae "
*:: superorder "Proteanae "
*:: superorder "Rosanae "
*:: superorder "Cornanae "
*:: superorder "Asteranae "
*:: superorder "Solananae "
*:: superorder "Loasanae "
*:: superorder "Myrtanae "
*:: superorder "Gentiananae "
*: subclass "Liliidae " [= monocotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Lilianae "
*:: superorder "Hydatellanae "
*:: superorder "Triuridanae "
*:: superorder "Aranae "
*:: superorder "Cyclanthanae "
*:: superorder "Pandananae "
*:: superorder "Arecanae "
*:: superorder "Commelinanae "The Thorne system (1992) counts 440 families and 69 orders:
* class "
Magnoliopsida " [= angiosperms ]
*: subclass "Magnoliidae " [= dicotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Magnolianae "
*::: order "Magnoliales "
*:::: family "Winteraceae "
*:::: family "Illiciaceae "
*:::: family "Schisandraceae "
*:::: family "Magnoliaceae "
*:::: family "Degeneriaceae "
*:::: family "Himantandraceae "
*:::: family "Eupomatiaceae "
*:::: family "Annonaceae "
*:::: family "Aristolochiaceae "
*:::: family "Myristicaceae "
*:::: family "Canellaceae "
*:::: family "Austrobaileyaceae "
*:::: family "Amborellaceae "
*:::: family "Trimeniaceae "
*:::: family "Chloranthaceae "
*:::: family "Monimiaceae "
*:::: family "Gomortegaceae "
*:::: family "Calycanthaceae "
*:::: family "Lauraceae "
*:::: family "Hernandiaceae "
*:::: family "Lactoridaceae "
*:::: family "Saururaceae "
*:::: family "Piperaceae "
*::: order "Ceratophyllales "
*:::: family "Ceratophyllaceae "
*::: order "Nelumbonales "
*:::: family "Nelumbonaceae "
*::: order "Paeoniales "
*:::: family "Paeoniaceae "
*:::: family "Glaucidiaceae "
*::: order "Berberidales "
*:::: family "Menispermaceae "
*:::: family "Lardizabalaceae "
*:::: family "Sargentodoxaceae "
*:::: family "Berberidaceae "
*:::: family "Hydrastidaceae "
*:::: family "Ranunculaceae "
*:::: family "Circaeasteraceae "
*:::: family "Papaveraceae "
*:: superorder "Nymphaeanae "
*::: order "Nymphaeales "
*:::: family "Cabombaceae "
*:::: family "Nymphaeaceae "
*:: superorder "Rafflesianae "
*::: order "Rafflesiales "
*:::: family "Hydnoraceae "
*:::: family "Rafflesiaceae "
*:: superorder "Caryophyllanae "
*::: order "Caryophyllales "
*:::: family "Caryophyllaceae "
*:::: family "Portulacaceae "
*:::: family "Hectorellaceae "
*:::: family "Basellaceae "
*:::: family "Didiereaceae "
*:::: family "Cactaceae "
*:::: family "Phytolaccaceae "
*:::: family "Petiveriaceae "
*:::: family "Agdestidaceae "
*:::: family "Barbeuiaceae "
*:::: family "Achatocarpaceae "
*:::: family "Stegnospermataceae "
*:::: family "Nyctaginaceae "
*:::: family "Aizoaceae "
*:::: family "Halophytaceae "
*:::: family "Molluginaceae "
*:::: family "Chenopodiaceae "
*:::: family "Amaranthaceae "
*:: superorder "Theanae "
*::: order "Theales "
*:::: family "Dilleniaceae "
*:::: family "Actinidiaceae "
*:::: family "Paracryphiaceae "
*:::: family "Stachyuraceae "
*:::: family "Theaceae "
*:::: family "Asteropeiaceae "
*:::: family "Tetrameristaceae "
*:::: family "Pellicieraceae "
*:::: family "Chrysobalanaceae "
*:::: family "Symplocaceae "
*:::: family "Caryocaraceae "
*:::: family "Marcgraviaceae "
*:::: family "Oncothecaceae "
*:::: family "Aquifoliaceae "
*:::: family "Phellinaceae "
*:::: family "Sphenostemonaceae "
*:::: family "Sarraceniaceae "
*:::: family "Pentaphylacaceae "
*:::: family "Clethraceae "
*:::: family "Cyrillaceae "
*:::: family "Ochnaceae "
*:::: family "Quiinaceae "
*:::: family "Scytopetalaceae "
*:::: family "Medusagynaceae "
*:::: family "Strasburgeriaceae "
*:::: family "Ancistrocladaceae "
*:::: family "Dioncophyllaceae "
*:::: family "Nepenthaceae "
*:::: family "Bonnetiaceae "
*:::: family "Clusiaceae "
*:::: family "Elatinaceae "
*:::: family "Lecythidaceae "
*::: order "Ericales "
*:::: family "Ericaceae "
*:::: family "Epacridaceae "
*:::: family "Empetraceae "
*::: order "Fouquieriales "
*:::: family "Fouquieriaceae "
*::: order "Styracales "
*:::: family "Ebenaceae "
*:::: family "Lissocarpaceae "
*:::: family "Sapotaceae "
*:::: family "Styracaceae "
*::: order "Primulales "
*:::: family "Theophrastaceae "
*:::: family "Myrsinaceae "
*:::: family "Primulaceae "
*:::: family "Plumbaginaceae "
*::: order "Polygonales "
*:::: family "Polygonaceae "
*:: superorder "Celastranae "
*::: order "Celastrales "
*:::: family "Celastraceae "
*:::: family "Goupiaceae "
*:::: family "Lophopyxidaceae "
*:::: family "Stackhousiaceae "
*:::: family "Corynocarpaceae "
*:: superorder "Malvanae "
*::: order "Malvales "
*:::: family "Sterculiaceae "
*:::: family "Huaceae "
*:::: family "Elaeocarpaceae "
*:::: family "Plagiopteraceae "
*:::: family "Tiliaceae "
*:::: family "Monotaceae "
*:::: family "Dipterocarpaceae "
*:::: family "Sarcolaenaceae "
*:::: family "Sphaerosepalaceae "
*:::: family "Bombacaceae "
*:::: family "Malvaceae "
*::: order "Urticales "
*:::: family "Ulmaceae "
*:::: family "Moraceae "
*:::: family "Cecropiaceae "
*:::: family "Barbeyaceae "
*:::: family "Urticaceae "
*:::: family "Cannabaceae "
*::: order "Rhamnales "
*:::: family "Rhamnaceae "
*:::: family "Elaeagnaceae "
*::: order "Euphorbiales "
*:::: family "Euphorbiaceae "
*:::: family "Aextoxicaceae "
*:::: family "Simmondsiaceae "
*:::: family "Dichapetalaceae "
*:::: family "Gonystylaceae "
*:::: family "Thymelaeaceae "
*:: superorder "Violanae "
*::: order "Violales "
*:::: family "Bixaceae "
*:::: family "Cochlospermaceae "
*:::: family "Cistaceae "
*:::: family "Violaceae "
*:::: family "Flacourtiaceae "
*:::: family "Physenaceae "
*:::: family "Lacistemataceae "
*:::: family "Salicaceae "
*:::: family "Dipentodontaceae "
*:::: family "Peridiscaceae "
*:::: family "Scyphostegiaceae "
*:::: family "Passifloraceae "
*:::: family "Turneriaceae "
*:::: family "Malesherbiaceae "
*:::: family "Achariaceae "
*:::: family "Caricaceae "
*:::: family "Tamaricaceae "
*:::: family "Frankeniaceae "
*:::: family "Cucurbitaceae "
*:::: family "Begoniaceae "
*:::: family "Datiscaceae "
*::: order "Brassicales "
*:::: family "Resedaceae "
*:::: family "Capparaceae "
*:::: family "Brassicaceae "
*:::: family "Salvadoraceae "
*:::: family "Gyrostemonaceae "
*::: order "Batales "
*:::: family "Bataceae "
*:: superorder "Santalanae "
*::: order "Santalales "
*:::: family "Olacaceae "
*:::: family "Opiliaceae "
*:::: family "Medusandraceae "
*:::: family "Santalaceae "
*:::: family "Misodendraceae "
*:::: family "Loranthaceae "
*:::: family "Eremolepidaceae "
*:::: family "Viscaceae "
*::: order "Balanophorales "
*:::: family "Balanophoraceae "
*:::: family "Cynomoriaceae "
*:: superorder "Geranianae "
*::: order "Linales "
*:::: family "Humiriaceae "
*:::: family "Ctenolophonaceae "
*:::: family "Hugoniaceae "
*:::: family "Ixonanthaceae "
*:::: family "Linaceae "
*:::: family "Erythroxylaceae "
*:::: family "Zygophyllaceae "
*:::: family "Balanitaceae "
*::: order "Rhizophorales "
*:::: family "Rhizophoraceae "
*::: order "Geraniales "
*:::: family "Oxalidaceae "
*:::: family "Geraniaceae "
*:::: family "Balsaminaceae "
*:::: family "Tropaeolaceae "
*:::: family "Limnanthaceae "
*::: order "Polygalales "
*:::: family "Malpighiaceae "
*:::: family "Trigoniaceae "
*:::: family "Vochysiaceae "
*:::: family "Polygalaceae "
*:::: family "Krameriaceae "
*:: superorder "Rutanae "
*::: order "Rutales "
*:::: family "Rutaceae "
*:::: family "Rhabdodendraceae "
*:::: family "Cneoraceae "
*:::: family "Simaroubaceae "
*:::: family "Picramniaceae "
*:::: family "Ptaeroxylaceae "
*:::: family "Meliaceae "
*:::: family "Burseraceae "
*:::: family "Anacardiaceae "
*:::: family "Leitneriaceae "
*:::: family "Tepuianthaceae "
*:::: family "Coriariaceae "
*:::: family "Sapindaceae "
*:::: family "Sabiaceae "
*:::: family "Melianthaceae "
*:::: family "Akaniaceae "
*:::: family "Bretschneideraceae "
*:::: family "Moringaceae "
*:::: family "Surianaceae "
*:::: family "Connaraceae "
*:::: family "Fabaceae "
*:: superorder "Proteanae "
*::: order "Proteales "
*:::: family "Proteaceae "
*:: superorder "Rosanae "
*::: order "Hamamelidales "
*:::: family "Trochodendraceae "
*:::: family "Eupteleaceae "
*:::: family "Cercidiphyllaceae "
*:::: family "Platanaceae "
*:::: family "Hamamelidaceae "
*::: order "Casuarinales "
*:::: family "Casuarinaceae "
*::: order "Balanopales "
*:::: family "Buxaceae "
*:::: family "Didymelaceae "
*:::: family "Daphniphyllaceae "
*:::: family "Balanopaceae "
*::: order "Bruniales "
*:::: family "Roridulaceae "
*:::: family "Bruniaceae "
*:::: family "Geissolomataceae "
*:::: family "Grubbiaceae "
*:::: family "Myrothamnaceae "
*:::: family "Hydrostachyaceae "
*::: order "Juglandales "
*:::: family "Rhoipteleaceae "
*:::: family "Juglandaceae "
*:::: family "Myricaceae "
*::: order "Betulales "
*:::: family "Ticodendraceae "
*:::: family "Betulaceae "
*:::: family "Nothofagaceae "
*:::: family "Fagaceae "
*::: order "Rosales "
*:::: family "Rosaceae "
*:::: family "Neuradaceae "
*:::: family "Crossosomataceae "
*:::: family "Anisophylleaceae "
*::: order "Saxifragales "
*:::: family "Tetracarpaeaceae "
*:::: family "Crassulaceae "
*:::: family "Cephalotaceae "
*:::: family "Penthoraceae "
*:::: family "Saxifragaceae "
*:::: family "Francoaceae "
*:::: family "Grossulariaceae "
*:::: family "Vahliaceae "
*:::: family "Eremosynaceae "
*:::: family "Lepuropetalaceae "
*:::: family "Parnassiaceae "
*:::: family "Stylidiaceae "
*:::: family "Droseraceae "
*:::: family "Greyiaceae "
*:::: family "Diapensiaceae "
*::: order "Podostemales "
*:::: family "Podostemaceae "
*::: order "Cunoniales "
*:::: family "Cunoniaceae "
*:::: family "Davidsoniaceae "
*:::: family "Staphyleaceae "
*:: superorder "Cornanae "
*::: order "Hydrangeales "
*:::: family "Hydrangeaceae "
*:::: family "Escalloniaceae "
*:::: family "Carpodetaceae "
*:::: family "Griseliniaceae "
*:::: family "Alseuosmiaceae "
*:::: family "Montiniaceae "
*:::: family "Brexiaceae "
*:::: family "Columelliaceae "
*:::: family "Desfontainiaceae "
*::: order "Cornales "
*:::: family "Vitaceae "
*:::: family "Gunneraceae "
*:::: family "Haloragaceae "
*:::: family "Cornaceae "
*:::: family "Curtisiaceae "
*:::: family "Alangiaceae "
*:::: family "Garryaceae "
*:::: family "Aucubaceae "
*:::: family "Aralidiaceae "
*:::: family "Eucommiaceae "
*:::: family "Icacinaceae "
*:::: family "Metteniusaceae "
*:::: family "Cardiopteridaceae "
*:::: family "Peripterygiaceae "
*::: order "Pittosporales "
*:::: family "Pittosporaceae "
*:::: family "Byblidaceae "
*:::: family "Tremandraceae "
*::: order "Araliales "
*:::: family "Helwingiaceae "
*:::: family "Torricelliaceae "
*:::: family "Araliaceae "
*:::: family "Hydrocotylaceae "
*:::: family "Apiaceae "
*::: order "Dipsacales "
*:::: family "Caprifoliaceae "
*:::: family "Adoxaceae "
*:::: family "Valerianaceae "
*:::: family "Triplostegiaceae "
*:::: family "Dipsacaceae "
*:::: family "Morinaceae "
*:: superorder "Asteranae "
*::: order "Asterales "
*:::: family "Calyceraceae "
*:::: family "Asteraceae "
*::: order "Campanulales "
*:::: family "Menyanthaceae "
*:::: family "Pentaphragmataceae "
*:::: family "Sphenocleaceae "
*:::: family "Campanulaceae "
*:::: family "Goodeniaceae "
*:: superorder "Solananae "
*::: order "Solanales "
*:::: family "Solanaceae "
*:::: family "Duckeodendraceae "
*:::: family "Goetzeaceae "
*:::: family "Nolanaceae "
*:::: family "Convolvulaceae "
*:::: family "Hydrophyllaceae "
*:::: family "Boraginaceae "
*:::: family "Hoplestigmataceae "
*:::: family "Lennoaceae "
*:::: family "Tetrachondraceae "
*:::: family "Polemoniaceae "
*:: superorder "Loasanae "
*::: order "Loasales "
*:::: family "Loasaceae "
*:: superorder "Myrtanae "
*::: order "Myrtales "
*:::: family "Lythraceae "
*:::: family "Alzateaceae "
*:::: family "Rhynchocalycaceae "
*:::: family "Penaeaceae "
*:::: family "Oliniaceae "
*:::: family "Trapaceae "
*:::: family "Crypteroniaceae "
*:::: family "Melastomataceae "
*:::: family "Combretaceae "
*:::: family "Onagraceae "
*:::: family "Myrtaceae "
*:: superorder "Gentiananae "
*::: order "Gentianales "
*:::: family "Loganiaceae "
*:::: family "Rubiaceae "
*:::: family "Dialypetalanthaceae "
*:::: family "Apocynaceae "
*:::: family "Gentianaceae "
*:::: family "Saccifoliaceae "
*::: order "Scrophulariales "
*:::: family "Oleaceae "
*:::: family "Buddlejaceae "
*:::: family "Stilbaceae "
*:::: family "Bignoniaceae "
*:::: family "Pedaliaceae "
*:::: family "Martyniaceae "
*:::: family "Myoporaceae "
*:::: family "Scrophulariaceae "
*:::: family "Gesneriaceae "
*:::: family "Globulariaceae "
*:::: family "Plantaginaceae "
*:::: family "Lentibulariaceae "
*:::: family "Acanthaceae "
*:::: family "Callitrichaceae "
*:::: family "Hippuridaceae "
*:::: family "Verbenaceae "
*:::: family "Phrymaceae "
*:::: family "Symphoremataceae "
*:::: family "Nesogenaceae "
*:::: family "Avicenniaceae "
*:::: family "Lamiaceae "
*: subclass "Liliidae " [= monocotyledons ]
*:: superorder "Lilianae "
*::: order "Liliales "
*:::: family "Melanthiaceae "
*:::: family "Campynemataceae "
*:::: family "Alstroemeriaceae "
*:::: family "Colchicaceae "
*:::: family "Liliaceae "
*:::: family "Trilliaceae "
*:::: family "Iridaceae "
*::: order "Burmanniales "
*:::: family "Burmanniaceae "
*:::: family "Corsiaceae "
*::: order "Asparagales "
*:::: family "Asparagaceae "
*:::: family "Luzuriagaceae "
*:::: family "Asphodelaceae "
*:::: family "Aphyllanthaceae "
*:::: family "Phormiaceae "
*:::: family "Tecophilaeaceae "
*:::: family "Lanariaceae "
*:::: family "Hemerocallidaceae "
*:::: family "Asteliaceae "
*:::: family "Hanguanaceae "
*:::: family "Agavaceae "
*:::: family "Hostaceae "
*:::: family "Blandfordiaceae "
*:::: family "Dasypogonaceae "
*:::: family "Xanthorrhoeaceae "
*:::: family "Ixioliriaceae "
*:::: family "Hyacinthaceae "
*:::: family "Alliaceae "
*:::: family "Amaryllidaceae "
*:::: family "Hypoxidaceae "
*:::: family "Velloziaceae "
*:::: family "Cyanastraceae "
*:::: family "Eriospermaceae "
*::: order "Dioscoreales "
*:::: family "Philesiaceae "
*:::: family "Rhipogonaceae "
*:::: family "Petermanniaceae "
*:::: family "Smilacaceae "
*:::: family "Dioscoreaceae "
*:::: family "Trichopodaceae "
*:::: family "Stemonaceae "
*:::: family "Taccaceae "
*::: order "Orchidales "
*:::: family "Orchidaceae "
*:: superorder "Hydatellanae "
*::: order "Hydatellales "
*:::: family "Hydatellaceae "
*:: superorder "Triuridanae "
*::: order "Triuridales "
*:::: family "Triuridaceae "
*:: superorder "Alismatanae "
*::: order "Alismatales "
*:::: family "Butomaceae "
*:::: family "Alismataceae "
*:::: family "Hydrocharitaceae "
*::: order "Potamogetonales "
*:::: family "Aponogetonaceae "
*:::: family "Scheuchzeriaceae "
*:::: family "Juncaginaceae "
*:::: family "Potamogetonaceae "
*:::: family "Posidoniaceae "
*:::: family "Cymodoceaceae "
*:::: family "Zannichelliaceae "
*:::: family "Zosteraceae "
*:: superorder "Aranae "
*::: order "Acorales "
*:::: family "Acoraceae "
*::: order "Arales "
*:::: family "Araceae "
*:::: family "Lemnaceae "
*:: superorder "Cyclanthanae "
*::: order "Cyclanthales "
*:::: family "Cyclanthaceae "
*:: superorder "Pandananae "
*::: order "Pandanales "
*:::: family "Pandanaceae "
*:: superorder "Arecanae "
*::: order "Arecales "
*:::: family "Arecaceae "
*:: superorder "Commelinanae "
*::: order "Bromeliales "
*:::: family "Bromeliaceae "
*::: order "Philydrales "
*:::: family "Philydraceae "
*:::: family "Pontederiaceae "
*:::: family "Haemodoraceae "
*::: order "Typhales "
*:::: family "Typhaceae "
*::: order "Zingiberales "
*:::: family "Musaceae "
*:::: family "Strelitziaceae "
*:::: family "Lowiaceae "
*:::: family "Heliconiaceae "
*:::: family "Zingiberaceae "
*:::: family "Costaceae "
*:::: family "Cannaceae "
*:::: family "Marantaceae "
*::: order "Commelinales "
*:::: family "Rapateaceae "
*:::: family "Xyridaceae "
*:::: family "Commelinaceae "
*:::: family "Mayacaceae "
*:::: family "Eriocaulaceae "
*::: order "Juncales "
*:::: family "Thurniaceae "
*:::: family "Juncaceae "
*:::: family "Cyperaceae "
*::: order "Poales "
*:::: family "Flagellariaceae "
*:::: family "Joinvilleaceae "
*:::: family "Restionaceae "
*:::: family "Ecdeiocoleaceae "
*:::: family "Centrolepidaceae "
*:::: family "Poaceae "
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