- Bessey system
A system of plant taxonomy, the Bessey system was published in:cite journal|author =
Charles E. Bessey |year = 1915|title = The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants|journal = Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden|volume = 2|pages = 109–164|doi = 10.2307/2990030 available online at cite web|url= http://www.botanicus.org/item/31753999990002|title= Botanicus.org|publisher= Missouri Botanical Garden | format = PDF|accessdate=2007-08-16Bessey considered
Spermatophyta as having had polyphyletic origin, being composed by three different phyla, of the which he treated only ofAnthophyta (syn.:Angiosperm s).With some modifications, most modern classifications - for example, those of Cronquist (1981, 1983, 1988),
Takhtajan (1969, 1980, 1983, 1991), Stebbins (1974),R. Dahlgren (1975, 1980, 1983; R. Dahlgren et al. 1981; R. Dahlgren and Rasmussen 1983; R. Dahlgren and Bremer 1985;G. Dahlgren 1989), and Thorne (1976, 1981, 1983, 1992) - follow the Bessey tradition. ref|ZomleferSources for classification below: cite book|author =
G. H. M. Lawrence |year = 1951|title = Taxonomy of vascular plants and original (1915).
*: phylum "Angiospermae"
*::1 classis "Alternifoliae" syn.:Monocotyledoneae
*:::1 subclassis "Strobiloideae"
*:::::ordoAlismatales
*::::::Alismataceae
*::::::Butomaceae
*::::::Triuridaceae
*::::::Scheuchzeriaceae
*::::::Typhaceae
*::::::Sparganiaceae
*::::::Pandanaceae
*::::::Aponogetonaceae
*::::::Potamogetonaceae
*:::::ordoLiliales
*::::::Liliaceae
*::::::Stemonaceae
*::::::Pontederiaceae
*::::::Cyanastraceae
*::::::Philydraceae
*::::::Commelinaceae
*::::::Xyridaceae
*::::::Mayacaceae
*::::::Juncaceae
*::::::Eriocaulaceae as "Eriocaulonaceae" [sic]
*::::::Thurniaceae
*::::::Rapateaceae
*::::::Najadaceae as "Naiadaceae" [sic]
*:::::ordoArales
*::::::Cyclanthaceae
*::::::Araceae
*::::::Lemnaceae
*:::::ordoPalmales
*::::::Palmae as "Palmaceae" [sic]
*:::::ordoGraminales
*::::::Restionaceae
*::::::Centrolepidaceae
*::::::Flagellariaceae
*::::::Cyperaceae
*::::::Poaceae
*:::2 subclassis "Cotyloideae"
*:::::ordoHydrales
*::::::Vallisneriaceae syn.:Hydrocharitaceae
*:::::ordoIridales
*::::::Amaryllidaceae
*::::::Haemodoraceae
*::::::Iridaceae
*::::::Velloziaceae
*::::::Taccaceae
*::::::Dioscoreaceae
*::::::Bromeliaceae
*::::::Musaceae
*::::::Zingiberaceae
*::::::Cannaceae
*::::::Marantaceae
*:::::ordoOrchidales
*::::::Burmanniaceae
*::::::Orchidaceae *::2 classis "Oppositifoliae" syn.: "Dicotyledoneae"
*:::1 subclassis "Strobiloideae"
*::::1 superordo "Apopetalae-Polycarpellatae"
*:::::ordoRanales
*::::::Magnoliaceae
*::::::Calycanthaceae
*::::::Monimiaceae
*::::::Cercidiphyllaceae
*::::::Trochodendraceae
*::::::Leitneriaceae
*::::::Annonaceae as "Anonaceae" [sic]
*::::::Lactoridaceae
*::::::Gomortegaceae
*::::::Myristicaceae
*::::::Saururaceae
*::::::Piperaceae
*::::::Lacistemaceae
*::::::Chloranthaceae
*::::::Ranunculaceae
*::::::Lardizabalaceae
*::::::Berberidaceae
*::::::Menispermaceae
*::::::Lauraceae
*::::::Nelumbonaceae as "Nelumbaceae" [sic]
*::::::Cabombaceae
*::::::Ceratophyllaceae
*::::::Dilleniaceae
*::::::Winteraceae as "Winteranaceae" [sic]
*:::::ordoMalvales
*::::::Sterculiaceae
*::::::Malvaceae
*::::::Bombacaceae as "Bombaceae" [sic]
*::::::Scytopetalaceae
*::::::Chlaenaceae syn.:Sarcolaenaceae
*::::::Gonystylaceae
*::::::Tiliaceae
*::::::Elaeocarpaceae
*::::::Balanopaceae as "Balanopsidaceae" [sic]
*::::::Ulmaceae
*::::::Moraceae
*::::::Urticaceae
*:::::ordoSarraceniales
*::::::Sarraceniaceae
*::::::Nepenthaceae
*:::::ordoGeraniales
*::::::Geraniaceae
*::::::Oxalidaceae
*::::::Tropaeolaceae
*::::::Balsaminaceae
*::::::Limnanthaceae
*::::::Linaceae
*::::::Humiriaceae
*::::::Rutaceae
*::::::Simaroubaceae as "Simarubaceae" [sic]
*::::::Burseraceae
*::::::Meliaceae
*::::::Malpighiaceae
*::::::Trigoniaceae
*::::::Vochysiaceae
*::::::Polygalaceae
*::::::Tremandraceae
*::::::Dichapetalaceae
*::::::Euphorbiaceae
*::::::Callitrichaceae
*:::::ordoGuttiferales
*::::::Theaceae
*::::::Cistaceae
*::::::Guttiferae as "Guttiferaceae" [sic]
*::::::Eucryphiaceae
*::::::Ochnaceae
*::::::Dipterocarpaceae
*::::::Caryocaraceae
*::::::Quiinaceae
*::::::Marcgraviaceae
*::::::Flacourtiaceae
*::::::Bixaceae
*::::::Cochlospermaceae
*::::::Violaceae
*::::::Malesherbiaceae
*::::::Turneraceae
*::::::Passifloraceae
*::::::Achariaceae
*::::::Caricaceae
*::::::Stachyuraceae
*::::::Koeberliniaceae
*:::::ordoRhoedales
*::::::Papaveraceae
*::::::Tovariaceae
*::::::Nymphaeaceae
*::::::Moringaceae
*::::::Resedaceae
*::::::Capparaceae as "Capparidaceae" [sic]
*::::::Brassicaceae
*:::::ordoCaryophyllales
*::::::Caryophyllaceae
*::::::Elatinaceae
*::::::Portulacaceae
*::::::Aizoaceae
*::::::Frankeniaceae
*::::::Tamaricaceae
*::::::Salicaceae
*::::::Podostemaceae as "Podostemonaceae" [sic]
*::::::Hydrostachyaceae as "Hydrostachydaceae" [sic]
*::::::Phytolaccaceae
*::::::Basellaceae
*::::::Amaranthaceae
*::::::Chenopodiaceae
*::::::Polygonaceae
*::::::Nyctaginaceae
*::::::Cynocrambaceae syn.:Theligonaceae
*::::::Bataceae as "Batidaceae" [sic]
*::::2 superordo "Sympetalae-Polycarpellatae"
*:::::ordoEbenales
*::::::Sapotaceae
*::::::Ebenaceae
*::::::Symplocaceae
*::::::Styracaceae
*::::::Fouquieriaceae
*:::::ordoEricales
*::::::Clethraceae
*::::::Ericaceae
*::::::Epacridaceae
*::::::Diapensiaceae
*::::::Pyrolaceae
*::::::Lennoaceae
*:::::ordoPrimulales
*::::::Primulaceae
*::::::Plantaginaceae
*::::::Plumbaginaceae
*::::::Myrsinaceae
*::::::Theophrastaceae
*::::3 superordo "Sympetalae-Dicarpellatae"
*:::::ordoGentianales
*::::::Oleaceae
*::::::Salvadoraceae
*::::::Loganiaceae
*::::::Gentianaceae
*::::::Apocynaceae
*::::::Asclepiadaceae
*:::::ordoPolemoniales
*::::::Polemoniaceae
*::::::Convolvulaceae
*::::::Hydrophyllaceae
*::::::Boraginaceae as "Borraginaceae"
*::::::Nolanaceae
*::::::Solanaceae
*:::::ordoScrophulariales
*:::2 subclassis "Cotyloideae"
*::::1 superordo "Apopetalae"
*::::: ordoRosales
*::::::Rosaceae
*:::::: Malaceae
*::::::Prunaceae
*::::::Crossosomataceae
*::::::Connaraceae
*::::::Mimosaceae
*::::::Cassiaceae
*::::::Fabaceae
*::::::Saxifragaceae
*::::::Hydrangeaceae
*::::::Grossulariaceae
*::::::Crassulaceae
*::::::Droseraceae
*::::::Cephalotaceae
*::::::Pittosporaceae
*::::::Brunelliaceae
*::::::Cunoniaceae
*::::::Myrothamnaceae
*::::::Bruniaceae
*::::::Hamamelidaceae
*::::::Casuarinaceae
*::::::Eucommiaceae
*::::::Platanaceae
*::::: ordoMyrtales
*::::::Lythraceae
*::::::Sonneratiaceae
*::::::Punicaceae
*::::::Lecythidaceae
*::::::Melastomataceae
*::::::Myrtaceae
*::::::Combretaceae
*::::::Rhizophoraceae
*::::::Oenotheraceae
*::::::Halorrhagidaceae
*::::::Hippuridaceae
*::::::Cynomoriaceae
*::::::Aristolochiaceae
*::::::Rafflesiaceae
*::::::Hydnoraceae
*::::: ordoLoasales
*::::::Loasaceae
*::::::Cucurbitaceae
*::::::Begoniaceae
*::::::Datiscaceae
*::::::Ancistrocladaceae
*::::: ordoCactales
*::::::Cactaceae
*::::: ordoCelastrales
*::::::Rhamnaceae
*::::::Vitaceae
*::::::Celastraceae
*::::::Buxaceae
*::::::Aquifoliaceae
*::::::Cyrillaceae
*::::::Pentaphylacaceae
*::::::Corynocarpaceae
*::::::Hippocrateaceae
*::::::Stackhousiaceae
*::::::Staphyleaceae
*::::::Geissolomataceae
*::::::Penaeaceae
*::::::Oliniaceae
*::::::Thymelaeaceae
*::::::Hernandiaceae
*::::::Elaeagnaceae
*::::::Myzodendraceae
*::::::Santalaceae
*::::::Opiliaceae
*::::::Grubbiaceae
*::::::Olacaceae
*::::::Loranthaceae
*::::::Balanophoraceae
*::::: ordoSapindales
*::::::Sapindaceae
*::::::Hippocastanaceae
*::::::Aceraceae
*::::::Sabiaceae
*::::::Icacinaceae
*::::::Melianthaceae
*::::::Empetraceae
*::::::Coriariaceae
*::::::Anacardiaceae
*::::::Juglandaceae
*::::::Betulaceae
*::::::Fagaceae
*::::::Myricaceae
*::::::Julianaceae
*::::::Proteaceae
*::::: ordoApiales as "Umbellales"
*::::::Araliaceae
*::::::Apiaceae
*::::::Cornaceae *::::2 superordo "Sympetalae"
*::::: ordoRubiales
*::::::Rubiaceae
*::::::Caprifoliaceae
*::::::Adoxaceae
*::::::Valerianaceae
*::::::Dipsacaceae
*::::: ordoCampanulales
*::::::Campanulaceae
*::::::Goodeniaceae
*::::::Stylidiaceae
*::::::Calyceraceae
*::::: ordoAsterales
*::::::Helianthaceae
*::::::Ambrosiaceae
*::::::Heleniaceae
*::::::Arctotidaceae
*::::::Calendulaceae
*::::::Inulaceae
*::::::Asteraceae
*::::::Vernoniaceae
*::::::Eupatoriaceae
*::::::Anthemidaceae
*::::::Senecionidaceae
*::::::Carduaceae
*::::::Mutisiaceae
*::::::Lactucaceae References
*# Zomlefer, W. B. (1994):Guide to flowering plant families.
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