Universal Camouflage Pattern

The Universal Camouflage Pattern (UCP), also known as ACUPAT (Army Combat Uniform PATtern) and ARPAT (ARmy PATtern) is the military camouflage pattern currently in use on the United States Army's Army Combat Uniform. [ [http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/powerpoint/Uniforms_Presentations/acu-presentation-2.shtml ACU Presentation (ArmyStudyGuide.com) ] ] The pattern was chosen after several laboratory and field tests that occurred from 2003-2004. [ [http://www.defensetech.org/archives/003418.html Defense Tech: Singing the ACU Blues ] ] Its digital pattern is a modification of the United States Marine Corps' MARPAT camouflage and research into Dual Texture (Dual-Tex) Camouflage conducted in the 1970s. [ [http://www.tradoc.army.mil/pao/fact_sheets/ACU/ACUstandinginfo.htm New uniform details ] ] [ [http://www.uniteddynamics.com/dualtex/ Dual Texure (Dual-Tex) U.S. Army Digital Camouflage History ] ]

election

Phase I

Initial patterns and colors

The Universal Camouflage Pattern was selected by the United States Army Natick Soldier Center's Individual Protection Directorate and the Supporting Science and Technology Directorate.Citation | first = Anabela | last = Dugas | author-link = | first2 = F. Matthew | last2 = Kramer | author2-link = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor2-last = | editor2-first = | contribution = | contribution-url = | title = Universal Camouflage For The Future Warrior | date = 2004-12-15| year = 2004 | pages = 27 | place = | publisher = U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center | url = http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2004issc/wednesday/dugas.ppt | doi = | id = ] Three patterns were developed, called "All Over Brush", "Track", and "Shadow/Line." For each pattern, there were four color combinations, which corresponded to a specific type of terrain, however, all four patterns used tan as their base color. The three remaining colors were green, brown, and black for the Woodland pattern, dark tan, khaki, and brown for the Desert pattern, light gray, medium gray, and black for the Urban pattern, and dark tan, light gray, and brown for the Desert/Urban pattern. No provision was made for camouflage patterns required for troops operating in tropical jungle.

Test sites

There were a total of fifteen evaluations, which took place at Fort Benning, Fort Polk, Fort Irwin, Fort Lewis, and Yakima, WA. The camouflage patterns were then rated on their blending, brightness, contrast, and detection by US Army soldiers, during the daytime, and also at night using night vision devices.

Elimination of patterns

Following testing, the Shadow Line pattern was eliminated entirely, along with the urban and desert/urban patterns of All Over Brush. All four of the Track patterns were accepted along with All Over Brush's woodland and desert patterns.

Phase II & III

The patterns were then modified and tested alongside a newly introduced "Contractor-Developed Mod" pattern, Multicam. Near Infrared testing determined that black, medium gray, and medium tan were the only colors that gave acceptable performance.

Phase IV (System Level)

All four remaining patterns, desert Brush, Multicam, Woodland Track, and Urban Track were then tested alongside each other in urban, woodland, and desert environments.

Results

The desert Brush design received the best overall mean daytime visual rating. Contractor developed pattern received highest rating in woodland environments, but low ratings in desert and urban environments. Urban Track was generally the 3rd or 4th worst performer at each site. Infrared testing showed negligible differences in the performance of the four patterns. Natick rated the patterns from best to worst as: Desert Brush, Woodland Track Mod, Contractor-Developed Mod, and Urban Track. [ [http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA433081&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf Universal Camouflage ] ]

Color selection

The pattern is noticeable for its elimination of the color black. [ [http://www.hyperstealth.com/acupat/ New Digital U.S. Army Combat Uniform eliminates Black in pattern ] ] The color scheme of the Army Combat Uniform is composed of a gray, tan and sage green digital pattern. The color black was omitted from the uniform because of claims it is not commonly found in nature. [ [http://www.kamouflage.net/camouflage/en_00057.php kamouflage.net > North America > United States of America > Army Combat Uniform Pattern, grey-urban trial ] ] Pure black, when viewed through night vision goggles, appears excessively dark and creates an undesirable high-contrast image.

Controversy

The Urban Track pattern, which had received the poorest ratings in visual detection from the Natick Soldier Center's testing, was nevertheless modified and selected as the basis for the Army's Universal Camouflage Pattern. [ [http://www.defensetech.org/archives/003267.html Defense Tech: NYT's Lame Camo Coverage] ] The pattern was digitized and the color black was removed entirely. [ [http://www.armytimes.com/legacy/new/0-ARMYPAPER-2997500.php Army News, opinions, editorials, news from Iraq, photos, reports - Army Times] ] Soldiers have reported that while the pattern is effective in an urban or desert environment, it is less effective in others, particularly jungle and tropical terrain. [http://www.military.com/NewsContent/0,13319,131103,00.html New Army Uniform Doesn't Measure Up] ] [ [http://www.defensetech.org/archives/003588.html Defense Tech: When You Don't Want to Take Out the Trash] ] As the U.S. Army is currently involved in the Middle-East, the uniform may have been biased towards the current operating environments. [ [http://www.army.mil/leaders/leaders/sma/booknotes/2006April.html Articles] ] [ [http://www.defensetech.org/archives/003176.html Defense Tech: New Army Camos: No Place to Hide?] ]

ee also

*U.S. Army trial patterns
*MARPAT
*CADPAT
*List of camouflage patterns

References