Dyspnoi

Taxobox


image_caption = "Sabacon cavicolens"
image_width = 250px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Arachnida
ordo = Opiliones
subordo = Dyspnoi
subordo_authority = Hansen & Sørensen, 1904
diversity_link = Dyspnoi
diversity = 7 families, > 300 species
subdivision_ranks = Superfamilies
subdivision =
Ischyropsalidoidea
Troguloidea

The Dyspnoi are a suborder of harvestmen, with about 32 genera, and about 320 described species.

Several fossil species are known, including two extinct families.

The superfamilies Ischyropsalidoidea and Troguloidea are monophyletic. However, the families Sabaconidae and Ceratolasmatidae are not; amongst other inconsistencies, "Taracus" (Sabaconidae) is a sister group to "Hesperonemastoma" (Ceratolasmatidae).aut|Gruber, Jürgen (2007): Dyspnoi - Historical systematic synopsis. In: Pinto-da-Rocha "et al." 2007: 131ff]

Distribution

The Dyspnoi are one of the most conserved biogeographically conserved higher groups of harvestmen. None occur in the Southern Hemisphere, and most families are restricted along temperate regions. The only exceptions are some Ortholasmatinae (Nemastomatidae) inhabiting the tropics on high mountains in Mexico ("Ortholasma bolivari") and northern Thailand ("Dendrolasma angka"). Some Troguloidea were also found in tropical regions during the Cretaceous.

ystematics

:"Genus and species numbers are from the year 2005.Hallan Biology Catalog] "

* Ischyropsalidoidea:* Ceratolasmatidae (4 genera, 11 species):* Ischyropsalididae (1 genus, 35 species):* Sabaconidae (2 genera, 45 species)

* Troguloidea:* Dicranolasmatidae (1 genus, 17 species):* † Eotrogulidae (1 fossil species: "Eotrogulus fayoli" Thevenin, 1901 from the Carboniferous):* Nemastomatidae (16 genera, 162 species):* † Nemastomoididae (fossil: 1 genus, 3 species):* Nipponopsalididae (1 genus, 2 species):* Trogulidae (7 genera, 44 species)

Footnotes

References

* [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Opiliones1.htm Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog] (2005)
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. "Harvard University Press" ISBN 0-674-02343-9