Ballymena

Infobox UK place
official_name= Ballymena
irish_name= An Baile Meánach
scots_name=
local_name=
static_

static_image_caption=
map_type= Northern Ireland
latitude= 54.86
longitude= -6.28
belfast_distance=convert|28|mi|0 SE
population= 28,717 (2001 Census)
irish_grid_reference=D1003
unitary_northern_ireland= Ballymena Borough
country= Northern Ireland
post_town= BALLYMENA
postcode_area= BT
postcode_district= BT42
BT43
BT44
dial_code= 028
constituency_westminster= North Antrim
constituency_ni_assembly= North Antrim
lieutenancy_northern_ireland= County Antrim
website= http://www.ballymena.gov.uk

Ballymena (derive|Irish|An Baile Meánach|middle townland) is a town in County Antrim, Northern Ireland and the seat of Ballymena Borough Council. Ballymena had a population of 28,717 people in the 2001 Census.

The town is built on land given to the Adair family by King Charles I in 1626, on the basis that the town hold two annual fairs and a free Saturday market in perpetuity. The Saturday market still runs. The town used to host Ireland’s largest one day agricultural show at the Ballymena Showgrounds. There are still many historic buildings in the town. The Town Hall was built in 1924 on the site of the old Market House. The Town Hall has just recently be refurbished in 2007 at a cost of approx £20 million.

History

Early history

The recorded history of the Ballymena area dates to the Early Christian period from the 5th to the 7th centuries. Ringforts found in the townland of Ballykeel and a site known as Camphill Fort in the townland of Ballee may also have been of this type. There are a number of souterrain sites within a 1¼ mile (2 km) radius of the centre of Ballymena.

Two miles north of Ballymena in the townland of Kirkinriola, the ancient parish church and graveyard possess several indicators of Early Christian settlement including a souterrain. Also in 1868, a gravedigger found a large stone slab on which was carved a cross with the inscription "ord do degen". This refers to Bishop Degen, who lived in Ireland during the 7th century. This stone is now in the porch of the Parish Church of St Patrick, in the Parish of Kilconriola, which is found in Castle Street, Ballymena.

At the end of the 5th century, a church was founded in Connor, 5 miles south of Ballymena. This was followed by a monastery at Templemoyle, Kells. In 831, however, the Norse invaded the Ballymena area, burning the church.

In the 12th century, the Normans conquered much of County Antrim and County Down and created the core of the Earldom of Ulster. During this campaign they built great mounds of earth topped by wooden towers, referred to as mottes, as defensive structures. Harryville's motte-and-bailey is one of the best examples of this type of fortification in Northern Ireland. Some sources, however, credit the Uí Fhloinn with building the mid-Antrim mottes and baileys in imitation of the invaders; the Uí Fhloinn defeated and repelled the Earl of Ulster, John de Courcy, in 1177 and 1178.

In 1315, Edward Bruce (brother of King Robert I of Scotland, known as "Robert Bruce") invaded Ireland. On September 10 1315, at the Battle of Tawnybrack (5 miles south of Ballymena at Kells), Edward conquered the army of Richard De Burgo, the Norman Earl of Ulster.

In 1576, Queen Elizabeth I granted land, including the town of Ballymena, to Sir Thomas Smith. The lands had been forfeited to the crown after Shane O'Neill's resistance in the 1560s. Smith brought English settlers to the area. By 1581, Smith's settlement failed and the lands reverted to the crown.

On May 10 1607, King James I granted the native Irish chief, Ruairí Óg MacQuillan the Ballymena Estate. The estate passed through several owners, eventually passing into the possession of William Adair, a Scottish laird from Kinhilt in southwestern Scotland. The estate was temporarily renamed "Kinhilstown" after the Adair's lands in Scotland. The original castle of Ballymena was built in the early 17th century, situated to take advantage of an ancient ford over the River Braid. In 1626 Charles I confirmed the grant of the Ballymena Estate to William Adair, giving him the right to hold a market at Ballymena on every Saturday.

In 1641, the local Ballymena garrison fought against the rebels but had to retreat to Carrickfergus. Ballymena's first market house (on the site of the present town hall) was built in 1684.

In 1690, the Duke of Württemburg, a Williamite general, used Galgorm Castle as his headquarters. Sir Robert Adair raised a Regiment of Foot for King William III and fought at the Battle of the Boyne.

By 1704, the population of Ballymena had reached 800. In 1707, the first Protestant (Church of Ireland) parish church was built. In 1740, the original Ballymena Castle burned down. The Gracehill Moravian settlement was founded in 1765. During the 1798 rebellion, Ballymena was occupied from June 7 to June 9 by a force of around 10,000 United Irishmen, who stormed the Market House (now the Town Hall) killing three of its defenders.

The first modern Roman Catholic Church in Ballymena was consecrated in 1827. By 1834 the population of Ballymena was about 4,000. In 1848 the Belfast and Ballymena Railway was established. In 1865 Robert Alexander Shafto Adair started building Ballymena Castle, a magnificent family residence, in the Demesne. The castle was not completed until 1887.

In 1870 The People's Park, Ballymena was established, now a mature and beautiful setting, which continues to be a very popular park today.

20th century

In 1900, Ballymena assumed urban status [ [http://www.ballymena.gov.uk/historyandheritage.asp Ballymena Borough Council - History & Heritage] ] . The Adairs disposed of most of their Ballymena estate to the occupying tenants in 1904, under the provisions of the Irish Land Act of 1903. The “old” town hall building, which also contained the post office and estate office, burned down in 1919. Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI) laid the cornerstone to the new town hall on July 24 1924, and it was officially opened on November 20 1928. The Urban District Council petitioned for borough status and the Charter was granted in December 1937. The first meeting of councillors as a borough Council was held on May 23 1939. The population of Ballymena reached 13,000. Ballymena Castle was demolished in the 1950s. In 1973, the Urban and Rural District Councils were merged to create the present Ballymena Borough Council.

During the second world war, Ballymena was home to a large number of Gibraltarian evacuees. [http://www.gibraltarnewsonline.com/2005/08/07/ballymena-finds-its-twin-in-gibraltar/]

Like other towns in Northern Ireland, Ballymena was affected by the Troubles. A total of eleven people were killed in or near the town, most of them by various loyalist groups.

During the later half of the 20th century, Ballymena, like many other once prosperous industrial centres in Northern Ireland, experienced economic change with many of its former factories closing. Ballymena is now becoming a centre of information-based, international corporations and major retail outlets. However unlike other towns it retains a very successful manufacturing industry, with major employers such as Michelin and Gallaher, and the extremely successful local firm Wrightbus.

Early in the 1990s the Royal Irish Regiment whose Regimental Headquarters is at St Patrick's Barracks in the town, was controversially granted the Freedom of the Borough. In March 2000, the actor Liam Neeson, a native of Ballymena, was offered the freedom of the borough by the council, which approved the action by a 12–9 vote. The Democratic Unionist Party objected to the offer and drew attention to his comments from an interview in 1999 with an American political magazine, "George".Fact|date=March 2007 Neeson declined the award, citing tensions, and affirmed he was proud of his connection to the town. [ [http://film.guardian.co.uk/interview/interviewpages/0,6737,1410198,00.html Film Guardian website.] ] Ian Paisley was eventually made a freeman of Ballymena in December 2004 instead. [ [http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?printerFriendly=true&ArtKey=ballymena Ian Paisley's website.] ]

Ballymena is described by some observers as being at the heart of Northern Ireland's equivalent of the Bible Belt. [ [http://www.guardian.co.uk/drugs/Story/0,2763,439125,00.html The Gaurdian website.] ] It should be remembered that this does not necessarily reflect the overall views of the town's population. A notable example of the fundamentalist attitude of some was when DUP councillor Roy Gillespie stopped rock band "ELO" from playing in the town for fear that it would encourage Satanism among the town's young people. The town has a large Protestant majority.The majority of the Catholic population is situated around the Broughshane and Cushendall Road areas of the town.

Drugs have been a major problem in the town, earning the moniker "the drugs capital of the North". However major steps have been taken in recent times to eradicate this. [ [http://www.drugsalcohol.info/drugs/default.asp?s=H&d=H6 "drugsalcohol.info" website, by the Health Promotion Agency for Northern Ireland] ] [ [http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2001/10/22/story15343.asp The Irish Examiner website.] ]

Notable natives

*Alexander Campbell was from the town. Campbell was a leader in the Restoration Movement.
*Sir Roger Casement, campaigner for the Congolese people and Irish revolutionary was educated in the town.
*Ian Cochrane, novelist.
*Chris Baird, Fulham and Northern Ireland Defender.
*Colin Murdock, Shrewsbury Town and former Northern Ireland International
*Steven Davis, Rangers and Northern Ireland midfielder was born in Ballymena, though raised in Cullybackey.
*Joseph Dyas, led the Forlorn Hope at the Storming of Badajoz "on two occasions" in 1811 whilst serving with 51st( 2nd Yorkshire, West Riding) Light Infantry. He was buried in Ballymena in 1850.
*Timothy Eaton, the Canadian businessman who founded the Eaton's department store, was born in Ballymena.
* Jackie Fullerton, BBC Sports broadcaster
*Graham Forsythe, the Canadian artist, was born in Ballymena.
*Jamie Hamilton, motorcycle racer
*Joanne Hogg, a vocalist, was born in Ballymena.
*David Humphreys, Ulster and Ireland fly half is from this town.
*David Kennedy, Ireland international cricketer and top order batsman for Ballymena CC.
*Matt McCullough, Ulster and Ireland Lock
*Brian Young, Ulster and Ireland Prop
*James McHenry, signatory of the United States Constitution, was also from Ballymena
*Dr. Syd Millar, the former Ireland rugby player and current chairman of the IRB, was born in Ballymena and in 2004 was awarded the Freedom of the town.
*Liam Neeson, the Oscar-nominated actor, was born and raised in Ballymena.
*Ian Paisley, the controversial reverend and politician, was born in Armagh but raised in Ballymena.
*Northern Irish Olympian Mary Peters was raised in Ballymena.
*Nigel Worthington, the former Northern Ireland, Ballymena United and Sheffield Wednesday left back. Now current International manager
*Alexander Wright, a Victoria Cross recipient during the Crimean War, was born in the town.

Demography

Ballymena is classified as a Large Town by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) [ [http://www.nisra.gov.uk/ NI Statistics and Research Agency website.] ] (ie with population of between 18,000 and 75,000 people). On Census day (29 April 2001) there were 28,717 people living in Ballymena. Of these:
*21.6% were aged under 16 years and 19.6% were aged 60 and over
*47.5% of the population were male and 52.5% were female
*24.2% were from a Catholic background and 72.2% were from a Protestant background.
*3.9% of people aged 16-74 were unemployed.

For more details see: Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service [http://www.ninis.nisra.gov.uk/ Northern Ireland Neighbourhood Information Service website.]

Education

Ballymena boasts some fine educational establishments, including three Grammar schools, one comprehensive, integrated college and a number of secondary schools.

*Ballymena Academy
*Cambridge House Grammar School
*Saint Louis Grammar School
*Slemish College
*Dunclug College
*Ballee High School
*St Patricks College
*Cullybackey High
*North East Institute

Transport

*Ballymena railway station opened on 4 December 1855. A station was opened at Harryville on 24 August 1878, but closed on 3 June 1940. [cite web | title=Ballymena | work=Railscot - Irish Railways | url=http://www.railscot.co.uk/Ireland/Irish_railways.pdf | accessdate=2007-08-27]
*The Ballymena, Cushendall and Red Bay Railway operated narrow gauge railway services from Ballymena to Parkmore from 1875 to 1940. [cite book |last= Baker |first= Michael HC |title= Irish Narrow Gauge Railways. A View from the Past|publisher= Ian Allan Publishing|year= 1999 |isbn= 0-7110-2680-7 ]
*The Ballymena and Larne Railway was another narrow gauge railway. The line opened in 1878, but closed to passengers in 1933 and to goods traffic in 1940. Between 1878 and 1880 the line terminated at Harryville, but was then extended to the town's main railway station.

Sport

*Ballymena United F.C.
*Wakehurst F.C.
*Ballymena RFC
* Ballymena Lawn Tennis Club
* [http://www.ballymenaroadclub.co.uk Ballymena Road Club]
*Braid Angling Club

Trivia

*Slemish mountain in Ballymena is where St Patrick enslaved as a youth, was brought to tend herds, and that during this time he found God

Town twinning

*flagicon|Gibraltar Gibraltar

References

*Ensign Joseph Dyas [http://www.51stlightinfantry.co.uk/ensigndyas.html]
*"Battle Over Ballymena's Heroes." (March 8 2000). "Belfast News Letter", p. 1.
*Judd, Terri. (March 9 2000). "Old hatreds Flare Over Neeson Freedom Award." "The Independent" (London), p. 7.
*Watson-Smyth, Kate. (March 23 2000). "Row Over Religion Sours Ballymena's Award to Actor." "The Independent" (London), p. 12.
* [http://www.culturenorthernireland.org/town_Home.aspx?co=16&to=317&ca=0&sca=0&navID=1 Ballymena on the "Culture Northern Ireland" website.]

See also

*List of towns in Northern Ireland
*List of villages in Northern Ireland
*Market Houses in Northern Ireland

References

External links

* [http://www.ballymena.gov.uk/ Ballymena Borough Council]
* [http://www.libraryireland.com/UlsterDirectory1910/Ballymena.php/ Ballymena Directory for 1910]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/02/cracking_crime/my_area/results/html/95g.stm BBC crime figures for Ballymena]
* [http://www.castlebar.ie/gallery/view_album.php?set_albumName=Castlebar-s-Secret-Twinned-town Photos of Churches and other buildings in and around Ballymena]
* [http://www.ballymenaroadclub.co.uk Ballymena Road Club]