Wallace Smith Broecker

Wallace Smith Broecker ("Wally") (born 1931) is the Newberry Professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at Columbia University and a scientist at Columbia's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.

Biography

Broecker's areas of research include Pleistocene geochronology, radiocarbon dating and chemical oceanography, including oceanic mixing based on stable and radioisotope distribution. This included research on the biogeochemical cycles of the element carbon and on the record of climate change contained in polar ice and ocean sediments.

He attended Wheaton College and interacted with J. Laurence Kulp and Paul Gast. Broecker then transferred to Columbia University. At Columbia, he worked at the Lamont Geological Observatory with W. Maurice Ewing and Walter Bucher.

Broecker has authored over 400 journal articles and 7 books. He is perhaps best known for his discovery of the role played by the ocean in triggering the abrupt climate changes which punctuated glacial time- in particular, the development and popularization of the idea of a global "conveyer belt" linking the circulation of the global ocean. However, his contributions stretch far beyond the "conveyer"; his work is the foundation of carbon cycle science, and his applications of radiocarbon to paleoceanography are landmarks in the field. His work with chemical tracers in the ocean is integral to modern chemical oceanography; indeed, his textbook "Tracers in the Sea", authored with Tsung-Hung Peng, is still cited in the contemporary literature 25 years after its publication.

Dr. Broecker writes about his research, on mode changes in the Thermohaline Circulation: "We have clear evidence that different parts of the earth's climate system are linked in very subtle yet dramatic ways. The climate system has jumped from one mode of operation to another in the past. We are trying to understand how the earth's climate system is engineered, so we can understand what it takes to trigger mode switches. Until we do, we cannot make good predictions about future climate change." [https://webcenter.ldeo.columbia.edu/people.nsf/571fc08d39383f1185256efc004fcb7e/85190ba5e1cfe7c685256ef300647df4?OpenDocument]

Broecker is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and European Geophysical Union. He has received the Crafoord Prize in Geoscience [ [http://www.crafoordprize.se/prizesawarded.4.2f692b3510dbfce3396800010039.html Crawford prize in geoscience 2006] ] , the National Medal of Science, Maurice W. Ewing Medal of the American Geophysical Union, the Alexander Agassiz Medal of the National Academy of Sciences, the Urey Medal of the European Association for Geochemistry, [ [http://www.lmtg.obs-mip.fr/user/eag/urey.htm European Association for Geochemistry (EAG) ] ] the V.M. Goldschmidt Award from the Geochemical Society, [ [http://gs.wustl.edu/archives/gold.html Victor Moritz Goldschmidt Award ] ] the Vetlesen Prize from the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation, the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London, the Roger Revelle Medal of the American Geophysical Union, the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement from the University of Southern California , the Blue Planet Prize from The Asahi Glass Foundation, and the 2008 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Earth and Environmental Science [ [http://www.fi.edu/franklinawards/08/laureate_bf_earth-broecker.html Franklin Institute Laureate Award Page] ] from The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

In 1975, Dr. Broecker inadvertently coined the phrase global warming when he published a paper titled: “Climate Change: Are we on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?” [ [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/189/4201/460] ] He has recently co-written an account of climate science with the science journalist, Robert Kunzig. This includes a discussion of the work of Broecker's Columbia colleague Klaus Lackner in capturing CO2 from the atmosphere - which Broecker believes must play a vital role in reducing emissions and countering global warming.

In September 2008 Broecker was the recipient of the Balzan Prize for outstanding achievement in science. His citation was made by Enric Banda (Research Professor of Geophysics at the Institute of Earth Sciences in Barcelona): “For his extraordinary contributions to the understanding of climate change through his discoveries concerning the role of the oceans and their interactions with the atmosphere, as well as the role of glacial changes and the records contained in ice cores and ocean sediments. His contributions have been significant in understanding both gradual and abrupt climate change”.

=Selected Books=

* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
first2=Virginia M. | last2=Oversby
title=Chemical Equilibria in the Earth
pages=304
publisher=McGraw-Hill Education
isbn=0070079978
year=1971
* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
title=Chemical oceanography
pages=214
publisher=Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
isbn=0155064371
year=1974
* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
title=The glacial world according to Wally
publisher=Eldigio Press
year=1995
* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
title=Greenhouse puzzles: Keeling's world, Martin's world, Walker's world
publisher=Eldigio Press
year=1998
* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
title=Greenhouse puzzles
publisher=Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University
year=1993
* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
title=How to Build a Habitable Planet
publisher=Eldigio Press
isbn=0961751126
year=1988
* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
title=Tracers in the Sea
publisher=Eldigio Press
isbn=096175110X
year=1982
* Citation
first1=Wallace S. | last1=Broecker | author1-link=Wallace S. Broecker
first2=Robert | last2=Kunzig
title=Fixing Climate: What Past Climate Changes Reveal About the Current Threat--and How to Counter It
publisher=Hill and Wang, US/Profile Books, UK
isbn=080904501X (US), 978-1846688607 (UK)
year=2008

References

External links

* [http://www.naturalhistorymag.com/1001/1001_feature.html Glaciers That Speak in Tongues and other tales of global warming, by Wallace S. Broecker]
* [http://www.cfellows.org/wally/default.aspx Publications by Wally Broecker available for download]