- List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae)
This is a list of the butterflies of India belonging to the subfamily
Pyrginae of the familyHesperiidae and an index to the species articles. The butterflies of this subfamily are commonly referred to as Flats because of their habit of holding the wings flat at all times. They are also known as "angles", "elfs" or "grizzled skippers".This list forms part of the full
list of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the completelist of butterflies of India .A total of 69 species belonging to twenty one genera are found in India.
Checklist
Capila - The Dawnflies
Evans (1932) had listed the various spp of "Capila" under a number of different genera:
*"Orthopaetus" group (the Dawnflies)
** Lidderdale's Dawnfly "Capila lidderdali " (Elwes, 1888)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/capila/index.html|Page on "Capila" genus.] ] Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2007. Capila Moore 1866. Version 04 March 2007 (under construction). Page on genus [http://tolweb.org/Capila/95329/2007.03.04 Capila] in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/] ] Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=181752.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dlidderdali%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dlidderdali%26recLimit%3d30 "Capila lidderdali"] in LepIndex. Accessed 05 November 2007.]
** Fulvous Dawnfly "Capila phanaeus " (Hewitson, 1867)Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=181757.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dphanaeus%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dphanaeus%26recLimit%3d30 "Capila phanaeus"] in LepIndex. Accessed 05 November 2007.]*"Capila" group (the Striped Dawnflies)
** Pale striped Dawnfly "Capila zennara " (Moore, 1865)Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?UserID=&UserName=&TaxonNo=181768.0&SCIENTIFIC_NAME_on_card=zennara&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dlidderdali%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dlidderdali%26recLimit%3d30 "Capila zennara"] in LepIndex. Accessed 05 November 2007.]
** Striped Dawnfly "Capila jayadeva " (Moore, 1865)Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=181751.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3djayadeva%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3djayadeva%26recLimit%3d30 "Capila jayadeva"] in LepIndex. Accessed 05 November 2007.]*"Crossiura" group (the Fringed Dawnfly)
** Fringed Dawnfly "Capila pennicillatum " (De Nicéville, 1893)Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=181754.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dpennicillatum%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dpennicillatum%26recLimit%3d30 "Capila pennicillatum"] in LepIndex. Accessed 05 November 2007.]*"Calliana" group (the White Dawnfly)
** White Dawnfly "Capila pieridoides " (Moore, 1878) ("Calliana pieridoides " as per LepIndexCard for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=181633.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dpieridoides%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dpieridoides%26recLimit%3d30 "Calliana pieridoides"] in LepIndex. Accessed 05 November 2007.] )Caprona - The Angles
* Golden Angle, "
Caprona ransonnetti " (Felder, 1868)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/caprona/index.html|Page on "Caprona" genus.] ] TOL web page on [http://tolweb.org/Caprona genus "Caprona"] ] Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=181795.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dransonnetti%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dransonnetti%26recLimit%3d30 "Caprona ransonnetti"] in LepIndex. Accessed 22 November 2007.] Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?UserID=&UserName=&TaxonNo=181774.0&SCIENTIFIC_NAME_on_card=agama&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dransonnetti%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dransonnetti%26recLimit%3d30"Caprona agama"] in LepIndex. Accessed 22 November 2007.]
* Spotted Angle, "Caprona agama " (Moore , 1857)Carcharodus - The Mallow Skipper
* Mallow Skipper "
Carcharodus alceae " (Esper, 1780)
* "Carcharodus dravira " (Moore, [1875] )Celaenorrhinus - The Spotted Flats
* Malabar Spotted Flat, "
Celaenorrhinus ambareesa " (Moore, 1865)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/celaenorrhinus/index.html|Page on "Celaenorrhinus" genus.] ]
* White-banded Flat "Celaenorrhinus asmara " (Butler, [1879] )
* Large Streaked Flat "Celaenorrhinus aspersa " Leech, 1891
* Dark Yellow-banded Flat "Celaenorrhinus aurivittata " (Moore, [1879] )
* Himalayan Yellow Flat "Celaenorrhinus dhanada " (Moore, 1865)
* Velvet Flat "Celaenorrhinus ficulnea " (Hewitson, 1868)
* Common Spotted Flat, "Celaenorrhinus leucocera " (Kollar , 1848)
* Pied Flat "Celaenorrhinus morena " Evans, 1949 [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?UserID=&UserName=&TaxonNo=182137.0&SCIENTIFIC_NAME_on_card=morena&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dflavocincta%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dflavocincta%26recLimit%3d30 Card for "morena" in LepIndex. Accessed 31 July 2007.] ]
* Small Banded Flat "Celaenorrhinus nigricans " (De Nicéville, 1885)
* Large Spotted Flat "Celaenorrhinus patula " De Nicéville, 1889
* Mussoorie Pied Flat "Celaenorrhinus pero " Leech, 1894
* Multispotted Flat, "Celaenorrhinus pulomaya " (Moore, 1865)
* Common Spotted Flat "Celaenorrhinus putra " (Moore, 1865)
* Double Spotted Flat "Celaenorrhinus pyrrha " De Nicéville, 1889
* "Celaenorrhinus ratna " Frühstorfer, 1909
* Tamil Spotted Flat, "Celaenorrhinus ruficornis " (Mabille , 1878)
* Black Flat "Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus " (Felder, 1868)The following spp are not listed in the [http://tolweb.org/Celaenorrhinus/95353/2007.03.04 TOLWeb page] for genus Celaenorrhinus.
:* Scarce Banded Flat "
Celaenorrhinus badia " (Hewitson, 1877) :* Bhutan Flat "Celaenorrhinus flavocincta " (De Nicéville, 1887) [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=182090.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dflavocincta%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dflavocincta%26recLimit%3d30 Card for "flavocincta" in LepIndex. Accessed 31 July 2007.] ] :* Himalayan Spotted Flat "Celaenorrhinus munda " (Moore, 1884)Chamunda - The Olive Flat
* Olive Flat "
Chamunda chamunda " (Moore, 1865)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/chamunda/index.html|Page on "Chamunda" genus.] ]Coladenia - The Pied Flats
* Brown Pied Flat "
Coladenia agni " (De Nicéville, 1883)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/coladenia/index.html|Page on "Coladenia" genus.] ]
* Tricolour Pied Flat "Cogia indrani " (Moore, 1865) correctly "Coladenia indrani "
* Elwes' Pied Flat "Coladenia agnioides " Elwes & Edwards, 1897Ctenoptilum - The Tawny Angle
* Tawny Angle "
Ctenoptilum vasava " (Moore, 1865)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/ctenoptilum/index.html|Page on "Ctenoptilum" genus.] ]Darpa - The Hairy Angle
* Hairy Angle "
Darpa hanria " (Moore, 1865)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/darpa/index.html|Page on "Darpa" genus.] ]
* "Darpa striata " (Druce, 1873)
* "Darpa pteria " (Hewitson, 1868)Gerosis - Yellow-breast Flats
*Common Yellow-breast Flat "
Gerosis bhagava " (Moore, [1866] )Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/gerosis/index.html|Page on "Gerosis" genus.] ]
*Dusky Yellow-breast Flat "Gerosis phisara " (Moore, 1884)
*Chinese Yellow-breast Flat "Gerosis sinica " (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)Gomalia - The Marbled Skipper
* African Mallow/Marbled Skipper "
Gomalia elma " (Trimen, 1862)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/gomalia/index.html|Page on "Gomalia" genus.] ]Lobocla - The Marbled Flat
* Marbled Flat "
Lobocla liliana " (Atkinson, 1871)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/lobocla/index.html|Page on "Lobocla" genus.] ]Mooreana - The Yellow Flat
* Yellow Flat "
Mooreana trichoneura " ("M. t. pralaya", (Moore, 1865))Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/mooreana/index.html|Page on "Mooreana" genus.] ]Odina - The Zigzag Flat
* Zigzag Flat "
Odina decoratus " Hewitson, 1867 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/odina/index.html|Page on "Odina" genus.] ]
* "Odina hieroglyphica " (Butler, 1870)Odontoptilum - The Chestnut Angle
* Chestnut/Banded Angle "
Odontoptilum angulata " (Felder, 1862)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/odontoptilum/index.html|Page on "Odontoptilum" genus.] ]Pseudocoladenia
* Fulvous Pied Flat, "
Pseudocoladenia dan " (Fabricius, 1787)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/pseudocoladenia/index.html#dan|Page on "Pseudocoladenia" genus.] ] previously "Coladenia dan "
* "Pseudocoladenia festa " (Evans, 1949)
* "Pseudocoladenia fatua " (Evans, 1949)Pyrgus - The Grizzled Skippers
* "
Pyrgus alpinus " (Erschoff, 1874)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera - Page on genus [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/index.html "Pyrgus" .] ]
* "Pyrgus cashmirensis " Moore, 1874arangesa - The Small Flats
* Common Small Flat "
Sarangesa dasahara " (Moore, 1865)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/sarangesa/index.html|Page on "Sarangesa" genus.] ]
* Spotted Small Flat, "Sarangesa purendra " (Moore, 1882)
* Tiny Flat "Sarangesa sati " De Nicéville, 1891atarupa - The White Flats
* Large White Flat "
Satarupa gopala " (Moore, 1865)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/satarupa/index.html|Page on "Satarupa" genus.] ]
* "Satarupa splendens " Tytler, 1914eseria - The White Flats
* Himalayan White Flat "
Seseria dohertyi " Watson, 1863 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/seseria/index.html|Page on "Seseria" genus.] ]
* Sikkim White Flat "Seseria sambara " (Moore, 1865)pialia - Grizzled Skippers
* Indian Grizzled Skipper or Indian Skipper, "
Spialia galba " (Fabricius, 1793)Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/spialia/index.html|Page on "Spialia" genus.] ]
* Desert Grizzled Skipper "Spialia doris " (Walker, 1870)
* Zebra Grizzled Skipper "Spialia zebra " (Butler, 1888)Tagiades - The Snow Flats
* Flat "
Tagiades cohaerens " Mabille, 1914Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/tagiades/index.html|Page on "Tagiades" genus.] ] ("T. c. cynthia" Evans, 1934)
* Ceylon Snow Flat "Tagiades distans " Moore
* Immaculate/Large/Suffused Snow Flat, "Tagiades gana " (Moore, 1865) [Haribal, 1994:200 Mentions "Tagiades parra gala" Evans, 1949]
* Common Snow Flat, "Tagiades japetus " (Stoll, 1781)
* Water Snow Flat, "Tagiades litigiosa " (Möschler, 1878)
* Spotted Snow Flat "Tagiades menaka " (Moore, 1865)
* "Tagiades parra " Frühstorfer, 1910
* "Tagiades toba " De Nicéville, 1896Tapena - The Black Angle
* Black Angle "
Tapena thwaitesi " Moore, 1881Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera. Page on genus [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/tapena/index.html "Tapena"] .] Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=188830.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dthwaitesi%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dthwaitesi%26recLimit%3d30 "Tapena thwaitesi"] in LepIndex. Accessed 12 October 2007.] TOL web page on [http://www.tolweb.org/Tapena_thwaitesi genus "Tapena thwaitesi"] ]Cited references
References
Print
*aut|Evans, W.H. (1932) "The Identification of Indian Butterflies". 2nd Ed, (i to x, pp454, 9 figs, Plates I to XXXII), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
*; aut|Kehimkar,Isaac & aut|Punetha,J.C. (1992) Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.
*aut|Haribal, Meena. (1992) "Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History" (pp 217). Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
*aut|Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) "Butterflies of Peninsular India", (i to xviii, pp254, Plates 1 to 32) Universities Press (India) Ltd, Hyderabad (reprint 2006). ISBN 81-7371-354-5
*aut|Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957) "Butterflies of the Indian Region", Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.OnlineOnline
*aut|Beccaloni, G. W., aut|Scoble, M. J., aut|Robinson, G. S. & aut|Pitkin, B. (Editors). 2003. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/lepindex] (accessed 26 September 2007).
*aut|Savela, Marrku Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/index.html] (accessed 26 September 2007)ee also
*
Pyrginae
*Hesperiidae
*List of butterflies of India
*List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)
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