Spialia galba

Taxobox
name = Indian Skipper
status =

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image_caption =
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Lepidoptera
familia = Hesperiidae
subfamilia = Pyrginae
genus = "Spialia"
species = "S. galba"
binomial = "Spialia galba"
binomial_authority = (Fabricius, 1793)Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=188327.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dgalba%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dgalba%26recLimit%3d30 "Spialia galba"] in LepIndex. Accessed 02 October 2007.] Card for [http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/jdsml/research-curation/projects/lepindex/detail.dsml?TaxonNo=180928.0&UserID=&UserName=&&listPageURL=list%2edsml%3fsort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dfuliginosus%26recLimit%3d30&searchPageURL=index%2edsml%3fSCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcardqtype%3dstarts%2bwith%26sort%3dSCIENTIFIC%255fNAME%255fon%255fcard%26SCIENTIFIC%5fNAME%5fon%5fcard%3dfuliginosus%26recLimit%3d30 "Apostictopterus fuliginosus"] in LepIndex. Accessed 02 October 2007.]
synonyms =
range_

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"Spialia galba", commonly known as the Indian Skipper or the Indian Grizzled Skipper, is a hesperiid butterfly which is found in South Asia and parts of Southeast Asia.Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/spialia/index.html Page on genus "Spialia" .] ] .

Distribution and status

The butterfly ranges from Sri Lanka, South India to the Shan states in northern Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and Hainan.Evans,W.H.(1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies, ser no 28.2, pp 347]

The butterfly is very common in India up to an altitude of 1800m. Haribal, Meena (1992) Butterflies of Sikkim, ser 591 & plate 59, pg 201-202.] .

Description

:"For a key to the terms used see Lepidopteran glossary"Having a wingspan of only 24 to 27mm, "Spialia galba" is identified by its unique pattern of black and white spots and its small size. The upperside is dark brown to blsck in colour with a light brown gloss and many small white spots. The wings have a chequered fringe. The underside is whitish. Sexes are identical.Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) "Butterflies of Peninsular India", ser no 68, pp 203-205.]

Habits

When sunny, the butterfly is found flying close to the ground and basking with the wings partly open. The forewing is partly closed while the hindwing is held fully open. It rests with wings closed. It has a swift, twisting but usually short flight. The Indian Skipper visits flowers, preferring those with small flowers such as "Tridax procumbens", (a common weed in India) and species of "Dicplitera" or "Bidens". It sleeps on hanging grass blades and the tips of the branches of herbs.

Life-history

Egg

Shiny, light-green, dome-shaped, ridged, fused together. The female lays her eggs anywhere and on any position of the young shoots of its foodplant.

Caterpillar

Pale green with a wavy dark green line dorsally.Cylindrical, but thicker in the centre and tapering towards the ends.Body clothed with fine whitish bristles and a line of long white hair on both sides. The head of the butterfly is obscured by dark hair and the jaws are orange-red and black-tipped. Second segment of the early instars is dark-brown and has a golden central bar on the nape. As the caterpillar matures, it develops prominent black-bordered orange markings on the neck. The caterpliiar resides in a folded leaf secured from all sides except the entrance. It feeds in the late evenings and nocturnally.

Pupa

A thick, cylindrical, greyish-green pupa which tapers towards the abdomen. It is covered with fine dirty-white bristles near the head and eyes.

Foodplants

* Malvaceae:
** "Hibiscus" spp.
** "Sida rhombifolia".
* Sterculiaceae:
**"Waltheria indica".

Cited references

ee also

*Hesperiidae
*List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae)
*List of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae)

References

Print

*aut|Evans, W.H. (1932) "The Identification of Indian Butterflies". 2nd Ed, (i to x, pp454, Plates I to XXXII), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
*aut|Haribal, Meena. (1992) "Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History" (pp 217). Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
*aut|Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) "Butterflies of Peninsular India", (i to xviii, pp254, Plates 1 to 32) Universities Press (India) Ltd, Hyderabad (reprint 2006). ISBN 81-7371-354-5

Online

*aut|Beccaloni, G. W., aut|Scoble, M. J., aut|Robinson, G. S. & aut|Pitkin, B. (Editors). 2003. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/lepindex] (accessed 24 September 2007).
*aut|Savela, Marrku Website on Lepidoptera [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/index.html] (accessed 24 September 2007)