Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana

Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana
Conservation status
Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Sauropsida
Order:	Squamata
Family:	Iguanidae
Genus:	Cyclura
Species:	C. cychlura
Binomial name
Cyclura cychlura (Cuvier, 1829)

The Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana (Cyclura cychlura) is a species of lizard of the genus Cyclura that is found on the Andros and Exuma islands in the Bahamas. Its status is Vulnerable, with a wild population of less than 5,000 animals, and it can be found on the IUCN Red List.^[1]

Taxonomy

The Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana's generic name Cyclura and specific name Cychlura are derived from the Ancient Greek cyclos (κύκλος) meaning "circular" and ourá (οὐρά) meaning "tail", after the thick-ringed tail characteristic of all Cyclura.^[2] Its closest relatives are Cyclura nubila on Cuba, and Cyclura lewisi on Grand Cayman. All three apparently diverged from a common ancestor some 3 million years ago.^[3]

There are three subspecies of the Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana: the Andros Island Iguana (Cyclura cychlura cychlura), Allen's Cay Iguana (Cyclura cychlura inornata), and the Exuma Island Iguana (Cyclura cychlura figginsi).^[1][4] Biologist Catherine Malone describes C. c. cychlura as being phylogenetically different from C. c. figginisi and C. c. inornata but does not recognize them as separate species; the three are listed as subspecies until further study has been completed.^[4][5]

Anatomy and morphology

Male Northern Bahamian Rock Iguanas, like other species within the Genus Cyclura, are larger than females and have more prominent dorsal crests in addition to prominent femoral pores on their thighs, which are used to release pheromones. Females have less prominent pores and have shorter crests than the males making the animals sexually dimorphic.^[6][7]

Diet

Like all Cyclura species, the Northern Bahamian Rock Iguana is primarily herbivorous, consuming leaves, flowers and fruits from over 100 different plant species. This diet is very rarely supplemented with insect larvae, crabs, slugs, dead birds and fungi.

Conservation

Status

It is estimated that the current global population of all three subspecies is less than 5,000 members and is declining.^[8] The population has decreased by at least 50% over the last 60 years.^[1]

Causes of decline

Hunting is the main factor threatening imminent extinction for this iguana.^[1][8] It is the only Caribbean species of iguana which is still regularly hunted for food for human consumption.^[1][8] Feral pigs pose a threat to the iguanas, as they dig up eggs from iguana nests within termite mounds.^[1][8] Feral and domestic dogs prey upon juvenile and adult iguanas as well.^[1][8] Feral goats have also been known to compete with the iguanas for food.^[1]

As with other Rock Iguanas, their habitat is in rapid decline due to development and logging.^[1]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i} Knapp, C.R., Iverson, J.B. & Buckner, S. (2004). Cyclura cychlura. 2006. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved on 8 September 2007.
2. ^ Sanchez, Alejandro. "Family Iguanidae: Iguanas and Their Kin". Father Sanchez's Web Site of West Indian Natural History Diapsids I: Introduction; Lizards. Kingsnake.com. http://www.kingsnake.com/westindian/metazoa10.html. Retrieved November 26, 2007. 
3. ^ Kenyon, Georgina (2005-09-17). "Re-enter the Dragon". New Scientist (Simone Coless) (2517): 42–43. 
4. ^ ^{a b} Hollingsworth, Bradford D. (2004). "The Evolution of Iguanas: An Overview of Relationships and a Checklist of Species". Iguanas: Biology and Conservation (University of California Press): 36–37. ISBN 9780520238541 
5. ^ Malone,C.L.; Wheeler,T.; Taylor,J.F. & Davis,S.K. 2000. Phylogeography of the Caribbean Rock Iguana (Cyclura): implications for conservation and insights on the biogeographic history of the West Indies. Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 17 (2): 269
6. ^ De Vosjoli, Phillipe; David Blair (1992). The Green Iguana Manual. Escondido, California: Advanced Vivarium Systems. ISBN 74886904040. 
7. ^ Martins, Emilia P.; Lacy, Kathryn (2004). "Behavior and Ecology of Rock Iguanas,I: Evidence for an Appeasement Display". Iguanas: Biology and Conservation (University of California Press): 98–108. ISBN 9780520238541 
8. ^ ^{a b c d e} Morgan, Curtis (2002-07-07). "In Bahamas Some Indulge Taste For Dwindling Iguana". Miami Herald. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-120230330.html. Retrieved 2007-10-14 ^{[dead link]}