- Gaston IV of Béarn
Gaston IV (died 1131), was viscount of
Béarn from 1090 to 1131. He was called "le Croisé" ("the Crusader") due to his participation in theFirst Crusade .Gaston succeeded his father Centulle V in 1090. During his rule, the borders of Béarn were established more definitively; he defeated the viscount of Dax, and took control of
Orthez , Mixe, and Ostabaret by 1105. He also gainedMontanérès through his marriage toTalèse , daughter of the count of Aibar and Javierrelatre and niece ofSancho I of Aragon . Though technically a vassal of theDuchy of Aquitaine , ruled at that time by William IX, Gaston effectively made Béarn an autonomous territory.Before becoming viscount, Gaston had fought in the
Reconquista inSpain , and he led a Béarnais contingent oncrusade underRaymond IV of Toulouse in 1096. He was one of the lesserknight s, but he carried his own standard and commanded his own men. At thesiege of Antioch he led one of the divisions in the final battle againstKerbogha . During the power struggle following the capture ofAntioch , Gaston deserted Raymond forGodfrey of Bouillon and marched with him toJerusalem . Gaston and Tancred were sent ahead of the main army to occupyBethlehem , and during the siege of Jerusalem, Gaston was in charge of Godfrey'ssiege engines . OnJuly 15 ,1099 , Gaston was the first crusader to enter the city.Gaston's experience in the Reconquista taught him that
Muslim s could live underChristian rule, as "mudejar ". He preferred negotiation and dialogue to senseless massacre, and he and Tancred tried to protect some of the Muslims of Jerusalem by sheltering them in the Temple. However, these Muslims too were soon killed by other crusaders, enfuriating Gaston and Tancred. In August, Gaston led part of the centre line of the crusader army at theBattle of Ascalon . After the victory there, Gaston returned home with his men, as did most of the other crusaders.Gaston was a pious man, and upon his return to Béarn he oversaw the construction of many churches destined to shelter pilgrims on the route to
Santiago de Compostela . He also allowed the abbey of St. Foy to establish new buildings in Morlàas. He also came into conflict with the church, however; he successfully defended his claims to the territories of the abbey of St. Vincent de Lucq and the monastery of St. Mont.He died in 1131 and was succeeded by his young son Centulle VI, with Talèse acting as regent. Talèse wanted to unite Béarn and Aragon; the two were, at the time, roughly equal in power and influence, but Aragon instead united with
Catalonia and Béarn began to decline. Gaston's descendants Gaston VI and Gaston VII participated in theAlbigensian Crusade and theSeventh Crusade , respectively.References
*
Steven Runciman , A History of the Crusades, vol. 1: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge, 1951.
*Pierre Tucoo-Chala, La Vicomté de Béarn et le Problème de sa Souveraineté, des Origines à 1260. Bordeaux, 1961.
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