- Donglin movement
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The Donglin movement was an ideological and philosophical movement of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties of China.
The movement was established in 1604, during the Wanli era, when Gu Xiancheng (顧憲成 Gù Xiànchéng, 1550–1612), a Ming Grand Secretary, and Gao Panlong (高攀龍 Gāo Pānlóng, 1562–1626), a scholar, restored the Donglin Academy in Wuxi with the financial backing of local gentry and officials.[1]
The motivation for restoring the Academy was concern about the state of the bureaucracy and its inability to bring about improvement. The movement represented a resort to moral Confucian traditions as a means of arriving at fresh moral evaluations.[2] Thereafter the Academy became a centre of dissent for public affairs in the late Ming and early Qing periods. Many supporters of Donglin were found in the bureaucracy and it become deeply involved in factional politics.
Many of the academy's creators were among the mandarins who a few years previously had forced the Wanli Emperor to appoint his first-born son, Zhu Changluo (the future Taichang Emperor) as the heir to the throne, even though the emperor himself would rather have the throne go to Zhu Changxun (the emperor's son from his favorite concubine, Lady Zheng).[3]
During the reign of the Tianqi Emperor, Donglin opposition to the eunuch Wei Zhongxian resulted in the closure of the Academy in 1622 and the torture and execution of its head, Yang Lian, and five other members in 1624.[4] The accession of the Chongzhen Emperor restored the fortunes of the Donglin faction.[5] Later during Chongzhen's reign, Donglin partisans found themselves opposed to the Grand Secretary Wen Tiren, eventually arranging his dismissal in 1637.
References
- ^ Wakeman 1985, p. 69
- ^ Wakeman 1985, p. 79
- ^ Wakeman 1985, p. 337
- ^ Wakeman 1985, pp. 80–82
- ^ Wakeman 1985, p. 125
- Works cited
- Wakeman, Frederic E. (1985), The Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China, 1, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-04804-1
Categories:- Political movements in Asia
- Chinese philosophy
- Ming Dynasty
- Qing Dynasty
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