History of FIFA

FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) is the international governing body of association football. It is one of the world's oldest and largest NGO's, being founded on May 21, 1904. It has since expanded to include 208 member associations.

Beginnings

The first official match between representatives of two nations was between England and Scotland in 1872 at Hamilton Park, Partick, Glasgow [http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1872-73/M0001Sco1872.html] , finishing 0-0. The following year at the Oval when England enjoyed a 4-2 victory over the travelling Scots. This was followed by the creation of the world's second national football association, the Scottish Football Association in 1873. Previously the Football Association had been the world's only governing body, though codified football was being played only in the United Kingdom at this stage.

With the number of inter-nation matches increasing as football spread, the need for a global governing body emerged. Initially, it was intended to reflect the forming of role of the British in football's history, but the football associations of the Home Nations unanimously rejected such a body. This was led by rejection from Football Association president Lord Kinnaird. Thus the nations of continental Europe decided to go it alone and 'FIFA' was born in Paris, uniting the Football Associations of France, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland.

The initial statutes of FIFA stated that:

# Only the represented National Associations would be recognized.
# Clubs and players could only play for one National Association at a time.
# All Associations would recognise the suspension of a player in any one Association.
# Matches were to be played according to the "Laws of the Game of the Football Association Ltd".
# Each National Association were to pay an annual fee of 50 French Francs.
# Only FIFA could organise International Matches.

These statutes came into effect on 1 September, by which time Germany had also joined by Telegram. The first FIFA Congress was held on 23 May - Robert Guérin was elected President, Victor E. Schneider of Switzerland and Carl Anton Wilhelm Hirschmann of the Netherlands were made Vice Presidents, and Louis Muhlinghaus of Belgium was appointed Secretary and Treasurer with the help of Ludvig Sylow of Denmark.

Early attempts at the organization of a tournament began, but without the British countries this failed. England, however, joined on 14 April, 1905, thanks to great efforts by Baron Edouard de Laveleye who was made the first honorary member of FIFA. In 1906, Daniel Burley Woolfall took over as president, making strides to uniformity in the globe's laws.

FIFA continued to expand in federations and influence, being able to monopolize international matches. However, its organizational skills were still not refined, and it was the Football Association who organized the football tournaments at the 1908 and 1912 Olympic Games, both won by Great Britain.

In 1909 South Africa (the first non-European member) joined, and Argentina and Chile followed in 1912. The USA and Canada entered just before World War I in 1913.

Inter War Years

International football was rare during World War One and FIFA nearly collapsed after Woolfall's death in 1918; It was Hirschmann, almost acting alone, who kept FIFA alive, and in 1919 convened an assembly in Brussels. However, the British Associations were not very interested in re-establishing ties with former enemies, and effectively boycotted FIFA until the end of World War II. In 1920, Jules Rimet of France was elected Chairman, becoming President in 1921.

FIFA began to organize Olympic games football tournaments, with 60,000 spectators watching the final at the 1924 Summer Olympics between Uruguay and Switzerland.

These successes prompted FIFA, at the Amsterdam congress of 28 May 1928, to consider staging its own World Championship. At the following Congress in Barcelona plans were finalised - it would be held in Uruguay, which was celebrating its 100th anniversary of independence the following year. Unfortunately, Europe was in the midst of an economic crisis, and teams would have to do without their key players for two months - several nations pulled out. Without them, the first World Cup opened in Montevideo on 18 July 1930 - with only four European teams.

Following the disappointment of not hosting the first tournament, Italy was chosen as the venue for the 1934 World Cup. Following the previous tournament, all matches were played in one country, meaning some teams made the long trip home after just one qualifying round. The final, won by the Italians, was the first to be broadcast live on radio. Italy defended this title in the last World Cup before World War II, in France.

Post War Expansion

In 1946 the four British nations returned. On 10 May 1947 a 'Match of the Century' between Great Britain and 'Rest of Europe XI' was played at Hampden Park in Glasgow before 135,000 spectators - Britain won 6-1. The proceeds from the match, coming to £35 000, were given to FIFA, to help re-launch it after World War Two. This was followed by FIFA's first post-war World Cup in 1950, held in Brazil. FIFA, meanwhile, continued to expand so that by the time of its fiftieth anniversary it had 84 members.

1950s and 1960s

In 1954, Jules Rimet was replaced by Rodolphe William Seeldrayers of Belgium; he died the next year and was succeeded by Englishman, Arthur Drewry. He again had a short presidency and was replaced upon his death in 1961 by Sir Stanley Rous, a former referee. During Rous' presidency, the game continued to spread, with the World Cup appearing on television for the first time. Rous was a traditionalist, promoting the amateurism of the national game and a romantic view of "Corinthian" values. He helped make the World Cup one of the big international sports events, behind perhaps only the Olympic Games in worldwide prestige.

Havelange's Presidency

Rous was replaced in 1974 by the Brazilian, João Havelange. He was elected on a manifesto of dynamism and political nous(?), transforming the rather staid organisation into a dynamic enterprise brimming with new ideas. FIFA became a much more commercial institution at this time. He increased the number of teams in the World Cup to 24 for the 1982 World Cup and then to 32 at the 1998 World Cup. He also brought Israel into the international game (affiliated to UEFA) and saw FIFA spread across the globe, with small nations such as Guam, Lesotho and Montserrat joining. This was aligned with his policy on using football to aid the development of developing countries.

FIFA altitude ban

FIFA attempted to address the issue of extreme altitude in May 2007, ruling that no future international matches could be played at an altitude over 2500 m (8200 ft). [cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/bodies/news/newsid=527696.html |title=Focus on 57th FIFA Congress |publisher=FIFA |date=2007-05-27 |accessdate=2007-06-13]

The FIFA altitude ban would most notably have affected the national teams of Andean countries. Under this proposal, Bolivia would no longer be able to play international matches in La Paz (3600 m), Ecuador would be unable to play in Quito (2800 m), and Colombia could no longer play in Bogotá (2640 m).

However, FIFA soon backed away from the proposal after international condemnation [http://www.nysun.com/article/56884] , and under political pressure from the CONMEBOL countries, first extending the maximum altitude to 2800 m (9190 ft) in June 2007, which made Bogotá and Quito viable international venues once again, and then waiving the restriction for La Paz in July 2007. [cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/soccer/07/06/bc.soc.fifa.altitudeban.ap/index.html |title=Blatter will waive La Paz altitude ban |work=Sports Illustrated |date=2007-07-06 |accessdate=2007-07-15]

The New Millennium

The next president, Sepp Blatter, maintained this policy; he promised the 2010 World Cup to Africa, for example. He now oversees a federation that is a massive corporate body and whose actions have global economic and political impact. He has continued the modernisation of the game, taking FIFA past its centenary in 2004.

Trivia

In 2006, after the game between Switzerland and South Korea, South Korean access to FIFA website has been blocked. The rumor spread in Korea that if they send 500 million protest notes to the FIFA administration the Switzerland's victory might be canceled. Because of this, overwhelming access from Korean users (which was detected by IP address) caused problems and FIFA eventually denied Korean access. [" [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/soccer/specials/world_cup/2006/06/25/korea.fifa.email.ap/ FIFA blocks angry e-mails from South Koreans] " (Sports Illustrated, June 25, 2006). " [http://article.joins.com/article/article.asp?total_id=2335055 FIFA 사이트, 항의폭주 한국접속 차단한 듯] " (JoongAng Ilbo, July 25, 2006)]

List of Presidents of FIFA

List of General Secretaries of FIFA

ee also

* FIFA
* FIFA World Cup

Footnotes

References

* [http://www.le.ac.uk/so/css/resources/factsheets/fs12.html History of FIFA from Leicester University]
* [http://www.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,3504,4,00.html Official History]