Little Forest Bat

Taxobox
name = Little Forest Bat
status = LR/lc
status_system = iucn2.3
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo = Chiroptera
familia = Vespertilionidae
genus = "Vespadelus"
species = "V. vulturnus"
binomial = "Vespadelus vulturnus"
binomial_authority = (Thomas, 1914)
synonyms = "Eptesicus vulturnus" Thomas, 1914,"Eptesicus pumilus vulturnus" Thomas 1914, "Vespertilio pygmaeus" Becker 1858 (not Leach 1825)The Little Forest Bat ("Vespadelus vulturnus") is a species of vesper bat in the Vespertilionidae family.

It is found only in South-eastern Australia including Tasmania.It is a tiny bat often weighing less than 4 grams (males in some areas weigh as little as 2.5 grams) [van Dyck, S., Strahan, R. (eds)2008. The Mammals of Australia] . It is sometimes referred to as Australia's smallest mammal [http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=WR04039] [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&uid=16088391&cmd=showdetailview&indexed=google] ,although the Northern or Koopmans Pipistrelle Pipistrellus westralis is possibly smaller, weighing on average around 3 grams [van Dyck, S., Strahan, R. (eds)2008. The Mammals of Australia] . It is the smallest bat in Tasmania [http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/wildlife/mammals/bats.html]

Biology and Ecology

The Little Forest Bat is one of the most commonly observed bats in South-eastern Australia, it is found in a variety of habitats including Eucalypt woodlands and forests as well as in rural, semi-rural and some urban areas. It is an insectivore and roosts in tree hollows [van Dyck, S., Strahan, R. (eds)2008. The Mammals of Australia] [http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=WR04039] .Females become sexually mature in their first year and males in their second year. It is assumed the males wake from torpor and mate with the females during winter. A single pup is born in spring (October - November) [http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/90/paper/ZO9930021.htm] .

Identification

The Little Forest Bat is very small with pale grey or brownish fur. The tragus is usually white and the skin on the face, feet and forearm is usually pinkish. Adults usually weigh between 2.5 and 5 grams and the forearm is usually less than 30mm (mean =28.5). Females are slightly larger than males. [van Dyck, S., Strahan, R. (eds)2008. The Mammals of Australia. New Holland. ISBN 9781877069253] The Little Forest Bat is very similar in appearance and often confused with a number of other bats that it co-occurs with ( sympatric) including Vespadelus regulus, Vespadelus darlingtoni, Vespadelus baverstocki, Vespadelus troughtoni, Vespadelus pumilus and Scotorepens greyii. Live bats can be differentiated from these species using a combination of size, relative finger bone lengths and, in males, penis shape [Sue Churchill (1998) Australian bats (Reed New Holland, Frenchs Forest). ] . Males have a distinctly shaped baculum.There is some variation in the morphology of this species across its range, with some taxonomists suggesting there may be cryptic species that have not yet been identified within the species. [ [http://environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/action/bats/6.html The Action Plan for Australian Bats - Taxonomy and Selection of Taxa for This Action Plan ] ] .

Echolocation call

The echolocation call of the Little Forest Bat is regionally variable, in New South Wales the characteristic frequency of search phase calls is between 42.5 and 53 kilohertz depending on the region where it is found. [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/surveys/Batcalls.htm] [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=14427981] This is more than double the maximum frequency of the human hearing range and cannot be heard without the assistance of a bat detector.

References and Links

* Search distribution records for the Little Forest Bat in the [http://wildlifeatlas.nationalparks.nsw.gov.au/wildlifeatlas/watlas.jsp?SpeciesName=Vespadelus%20vulturnus&CommonName=Little%20Forest%20Bat&SpeciesCode=1379&spWiz=checked New South Wales Wildlife Atlas]

* Search distribution records for the Little Forest Bat in [http://flyaqis.mov.vic.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml?form=bio_mammapfly Victoria]

* View John Gould's Illustration of the Little Forest Bat from the 1863 book [http://museumvictoria.com.au/bioinformatics/mammals/images/Sco_pumi.htm Mammals of Australia]

* View images of the Little Forest Bat skull at the [http://museumvictoria.com.au/bioinformatics/mammals/images/thumbplac.htm#Bat Victorian Museum]

* Australian Broadcasting Commission science news story [http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2005/03/24/1329246.htm?site=science&topic=latest Insect-munching bats spare the chemicals]
* [http://www.unisa.edu.au/serg/documents/ScanlonThesis.pdf Research thesis] about bats (including Little Forest Bats) in the city of Adelaide, South Australia
* [http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au/adt-VDU/uploads/approved/adt-VDU20050825.143504/public/01front.pdf Research thesis] about bats (including Little Forest Bats) in rural Victoria
* [http://www.wgcma.vic.gov.au/mediaLibrary/files/The_Bat_Roost_Box_Kit.pdf Construction guide] on how to build a nest box for Little Forest Bats (and other species).

* Australian Museum, [http://www.austmus.gov.au/bats/records/bat77.htm Bats in Australia ]

* Australian Museum [http://www.amonline.net.au/wild_kids/bats/forest.htm Wild Kids ] (a good reference for children)

* van Dyck, S., Strahan, R. (eds)2008. The Mammals of Australia. New Holland. ISBN 9781877069253

*Sue Churchill (1998) Australian bats. Reed New Holland.
* [http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/nature/BatCallsOfNSW.pdf Bat Calls of NSW ]

ource

* Chiroptera Specialist Group 1996. [http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/7945/all Vespadelus vulturnus] . [http://www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. ] Downloaded on 19 July 2007.

References