Hercules Ross

Hercules Ross (1745 – December 25 1816), was a Scottish merchant, who made a fortune in Jamaica, became an intimate friend of Horatio Nelson and figured prominently, if briefly, in the campaign for the abolition of the slave trade.

Origins

He was the ninth son of John Ross (fifth son to a second wife, Elizabeth Fullarton), an excise officer in Port Glasgow of uncertain ancestry and narrow means.

Career in the West Indies

In 1761 he travelled to Jamaica, where he established himself successfully as a trader, naval prize agent and privateer shipowner and made the acquaintance of Nelson. He acquired a Jamaican mistress, Elizabeth Foord, a quadroon slave whom he later freed and by whom he had several children. One of their sons, Daniel Ross (1780-1849), later became a leading marine surveyor with the Indian navy and President of the Bombay Geographical Society.

Return to Scotland

In 1782, with his fortune made, Ross returned to Scotland, where he was elected an Honorary Burgess of Glasgow and purchased an estate at Rossie, near Montrose, on which he later built a large house, Rossie Castle. In 1785, he married Henrietta Parish, the daughter of John Parish, a banker with extensive interests in Hamburg.

Evidence against the slave trade

In 1790, Ross embarked on a correspondence with William Wilberforce, which led to his giving evidence before the Select Committee of the House of Commons in support of the abolition of the slave trade. Thomas Clarkson ended his "History of the Rise, Progress and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament" in this manner:

"Having now mentioned the principal facts contained in the evidence offered to Parliament by the petitioners of Great Britain, in behalf of the abolition of the slave trade, we cannot close this compilation better than in the words of Mr Hercules Ross: he says, “finally, as the result of his observations and most serious reflection, he hesitates not to say, that the trade for slaves ought to be abolished, not only as contrary to sound policy, but to the laws of God and nature; and were it possible, by the present inquiry, to convey a just knowledge of the extensive misery it occasions, every Kingdom of Europe must unite in calling on their legislatures to abolish the human traffic…”"

The evidence of Ross, as a former member of the planter society whose basis he now condemned, was considered of particular benefit and he was in consequence made an honorary and corresponding member of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade.

Personal and family life

Ross unsurprisingly found that he was no longer persona grata with a number of acquaintances from his former Kingston days [Letters from Hercules Ross, 25 July 1791 and 8 September 1791, University of Glasgow Manuscript Collection.] , but he no doubt drew consolation from his continuing friendship with Lord Nelson, who stood godfather to his son Horatio. Horatio (1801-1886) subsequently became a celebrated sportsman, being the best rifle shot of his day, and a pioneer photographer.

Hercules Ross died on 25 December 1816, his wife having predeceased him by five years.

Sources

* "Hercules Ross of Kingston, Jamaica and Rossie, Forfar (1745-1816) with a sketch of the career of Captain Daniel Ross F.R.S., Bombay Marine, later Indian Navy (1780-1849)" - Unpublished thesis [1982] by Agnes Butterfield, M.A. Oxford and Manchester. 128 pages; copy available in Montrose Public Library.
* Thomas Clarkson's "History of the Rise, Progress and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament" (1808)
* See also Dictionary of National Biography entry on Horatio Ross.