Warrington by-election, 1981

The Warrington by-election, 1981 was held on 16 July 1981.

The by-election was caused by the appointment of Thomas Williams, Labour Party Member of Parliament (MP) for Warrington, as a High Court Judge.

Warrington had been held by the Labour Party since the 1945 UK general election, and by Williams since the Warrington by-election, 1961. It had long been regarded as a safe seat for the party, and even in 1979, generally a year of poor results for Labour, Williams won with a majority of 32.8%. [http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/ge79/i20.htm UK General Election Results: May 1979] ] Labour expected to hold the seat comfortably, and stood Doug Hoyle, the former MP for Nelson and Colne, who had lost his seat in 1979.

The Social Democratic Party (SDP) was formed by a split of some prominent figures on the right of the Labour Party in early 1981. Its main figures were the "Gang of Four" - Shirley Williams, Roy Jenkins, David Owen and Bill Rodgers. Of the four, Williams and Jenkins were out of Parliament, and keen to stand in by-elections under their new party label. Following the agreement of an electoral pact with the Liberal Party, who had come a distant third in Warrington in 1979, with less than 10% of the vote, the two parties agreed to support Jenkins as the SDP's first Parliamentary candidate.

The Conservative Party had taken second place in Warrington in 1979, with 28.8% of the votes cast. In mid-term government and behind in the polls, they did not expect to advance and stood Stanley Sorrell, a London-based bus driver, and unusually for a Conservative, an active trade unionist. [ [http://www.geocities.com/byelections79/warrington81/Conservative.html Warrington: Conservative] ]

Curiously, a member of an unconnected Social Democratic Party, founded in Manchester by Donald Kean, had contested the seat in 1979. Lacking any profile, he won only 0.5% of the vote. However, the party determined to stand again, against the better known SDP, which they were hoping to force to change their name. [ [http://www.geocities.com/byelections79/warrington81/kean.html Warrington: Social Democratic Party] ]

Several other candidates stood. The then little-known Ecology Party stood Neil Chantrell. Perennial by-election candidate Bill Boaks stood as a Democratic Monarchist. Iain Leslie, an administrator for the Inner London Education Authority, stood on a platform of legalised CB Radio. Tom Keen stood for the Campaign for a More Prosperous Britain. John Fleming stood on a platform opposing immigration and the Trident nuclear weapon system, while also calling for British troops to withdraw from Northern Ireland. Daniel Hussey stood as the "United Democratic Labour Party" candidate and Harry Wise stood as the "English Democratic Party" candidate. With eleven candidates, this equalled the most for any British by-election, set at the Lambeth Central by-election, 1978. [ [http://www.geocities.com/by_elections/warrington81.html Warrington 1981] ]

Result

Hoyle only narrowly held the seat for the Labour Party. Jenkins came from nowhere to win 42.4% of the vote, taking a close second place. Sorrell dropped to a distant third, losing three-quarters of the Conservative vote. None of the minor candidates were able to make an impact, all winning less than 1% of the vote, [ [http://www.election.demon.co.uk/by1979.html RESULTS OF BYELECTIONS IN THE 1979-83 PARLIAMENT] ] and Keen equalled the record low of only ten votes.

Jenkins returned to Parliament at the Glasgow Hillhead by-election, 1982, subsequently becoming the SDP party leader.

The Warrington seat was split at the 1983 UK general election. Hoyle won Warrington North, holding the seat until his retirement in 1997, while a Conservative won Warrington South.

Election box candidate with party link
party = Labour Party (UK)
candidate = Doug Hoyle
votes = 14,280
percentage = 48.4
change = - 13.3Election box candidate with party link
party = Social Democratic Party (UK)
candidate = Roy Jenkins
votes = 12,521
percentage = 42.4
change = "N/A"Election box candidate with party link
party = Conservative Party (UK)
candidate = Stanley Sorrell
votes = 2,102
percentage = 7.1
change = - 21.7Election box candidate with party link
party = Ecology Party
candidate = Neil Chantrell
votes = 219
percentage = 0.8
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = United Democratic Labour Party
candidate = Daniel Hussey
votes = 149
percentage = 0.5
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = Citizen's Band Radio Party
candidate = Iain Leslie
votes = 111
percentage = 0.4
change = "N/A"Election box candidate with party link
party = Independent Labour
candidate = John Fleming
votes = 53
percentage = 0.2
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = Social Democrat (1979)
candidate = Donald Kean
votes = 38
percentage = 0.1
change = - 0.4Election box candidate
party = Democratic Monarchist
candidate = Bill Boaks
votes = 14
percentage = 0.1
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = English Democratic Party
candidate = Harry Wise
votes = 11
percentage = 0.0
change = "N/A"Election box candidate
party = More Prosperous Britain
candidate = Tom Keen
votes = 10
percentage = 0.0
change = "N/A"Election box majority
votes = 1,759
percentage = 6.0
change = - 26.8Election box turnout
votes =
percentage = 67.0
change = - 4.3Election box hold with party link
winner = Labour Party (UK)
swing =

References