George Lohmann

Infobox Historic Cricketer


nationality = English
country = England
country abbrev = Eng
name = George Lohmann
picture = George Lohmann.jpg
batting style = Right-handed batsman (RHB)
bowling style = Right arm medium fast (RMF)
tests = 18
test runs = 213
test bat avg = 8.87
test 100s/50s = 0/1
test top score = 62*
test balls = 3,830
test wickets = 112
test bowl avg = 10.75
test 5s = 9
test 10s = 5
test best bowling = 9/28
test catches/stumpings = 28/0
FCs = 293
FC runs = 7,247
FC bat avg = 18.67
FC 100s/50s = 3/29
FC top score = 115
FC balls = 71,724
FC wickets = 1,841
FC bowl avg = 13.73
FC 5s = 176
FC 10s = 57
FC best bowling = 9/28
FC catches/stumpings = 337/0
debut date = 5 July
debut year = 1886
last date = 24 June
last year = 1896
source = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/16337.html

George Lohmann (June 2, 1865 in London – December 1, 1901 in Worcester, Western Cape, South Africa) is regarded as one the greatest bowlers of all time. Statistically, he holds the lowest lifetime Test bowling average among bowlers with more than ten wickets and he has the second highest peak rating for a bowler in the ICC ratings.

He bowled at around medium pace, and on the primitive pitches of his time could gain a lot of spin, so that when rain affected the pitch he was invariably quite unplayable. However, against the best batsmen Lohmann possessed a great deal of skill and guile, and he could vary his pace, flight and break so deceptively as to worry batsmen on better pitches. He was the finest slip fielder of his time, and in county cricket a good enough hard-hitting batsman to score two centuries for Surrey and average 25 in 1887.

Early years

Lohmann first played first-class cricket for Surrey in ten matches during 1884. He did little bowling but nonetheless established himself as a regular member of the side for his promising batting.

The following year was nothing short of a sensation. Lohmann not only became Surrey's leading bowler, but was the leading first-class wicket-taker with 142 wickets. He also showed his promise as a batsman was no fluke, for he scored 571 runs. In 1886, Lohmann did equally well and played his first Test matches for England against Australia. He took only one wicket at Old Trafford, and none at Lord's, but his continued superb form in other first-class matches saw him retained for the last match at The Oval. Here, Lohmann established himself as a great bowler with a superb twelve for 104 (7 for 36 and 5 for 68), giving England what is still one of its most decisive wins in an Ashes series. Again being the leading first-class wicket-taker, Lohmann was chosen to tour Australia with Alfred Shaw's team.

World's Premier Bowler

On his first tour, Lohmann moved even further ahead of the pack as a bowler. In the Second Test at the SCG, Lohmann became the first bowler to take eight wickets in a Test innings, and in the abnormally dry summer of 1887 showed himself far ahead of any other bowler - taking 154 wickets when the next best was 114. He also made his highest score as a batsman, scoring 115 against Sussex at Hove, whilst his aggregate of runs for the season totalled 843. Lohmann again toured Australia in the winter of 1887/1888, and with Johnny Briggs formed an irresistible combination in the only Test match on a sticky wicket.

In 1888, a summer as wet as 1887 had been dry, Lohmann took full advantage of the dreadful pitches on which most matches were played, taking 209 wickets for only 10.90 each (including "143 in 14 county matches!"). In the three Tests against Australia, Briggs, Bobby Peel and Billy Barnes did so well that Lohmann had to do little bowling at the Oval and Old Trafford. However, he took eight wickets at Lord's and made his only Test fifty at the Oval. In 1889, Lohmann again took over 200 wickets (115 for 1485 runs in purely county matches) and took nine wickets in an innings for the first time against Sussex.

Early County Championship triumphs

In 1890, the County Championship was officially constituted for the first time after years of unofficial "champion" counties (Surrey had been acknowledged as the champion county since 1887). Lohmann continued to carry all before him in 1890, taking a career-best 220 wickets and being the leading wicket-taker outside of touring teams for the sixth successive year (a feat bettered only by Tich Freeman between 1928 and 1935). For Surrey in county cricket he totalled 113 wickets, and he again helped England to victory over Australia in the only Tests where cricket took place. In 1891, Lohmann was the leading English wicket-taker for the seventh successive year with 177 wickets as Surrey carried all before them in a wet summer, and on the following year's Australian tour, he again bowled wonderfully well, taking eight for 58 on a dry wicket in Sydney.

In 1892, with Surrey still crushing all opposition in the County Championship race, Lohmann "suffered only by comparison with previous years" ("Wisden"). He surprisingly ceded the position of Surrey's chief bowler to the emergent William Lockwood who took full advantage of Oval pitches being extremely fiery and untrue due to reconditionng of the square, but it still seemed as though Lohmann had many years of county and Test cricket ahead of him. A rude shock to Surrey was to come, however.

Illness and Comeback

After the 1892 season had ended, a dreadful shock came when it was announced that Lohmann had contracted tuberculosis. In an effort to improve his health, Lohmann sailed during the 1892/1893 winter to Cape Town. Although at first it was hoped that he might return even when the 1893 season began, for two years Lohmann's health did not at first improve and he could not play at all for Surrey in 1893 or 1894. In fact, Lohmann was not well enough to play any cricket until the 1894/1895 Currie Cup final where he turned out for Western Province.

By July 1895 his health had recovered sufficiently for him to return to England and play for Surrey again. Fortuitously, Lohmann's return coincided with a return to extremely treacherous wickets after a long spell of very dry weather and much better pitches than Lohmann had ever bowled on before. Though completely overshadowed by the equally amazing Tom Richardson, the mere fact of missing the good wickets in May and June caused Lohmann to actually beat Richardson in the averages, though his batting (seen as an important part of his county cricket up to 1892) was completely insignificant.

Record-Breaking Feats

Returning to South Africa to maintain his health, Lohmann played no more first-class cricket until February, yet on the matting wickets in three "Tests" (the England eleven was no more than England "A" of today), Lohmann was so unplayable that he took 35 wickets for the remarkable average of just "5.80 runs each". During this series Lohmann "twice" broke the record for best analysis in Test cricket: he took 15 for 45 in the first Test, including a hat trick (the fourth Test cricket hat-trick) at the end of the second innings to win the match; and after not being put on initially in the second Test, he became the first bowler to take nine wickets in a Test innings (a feat subsequently emulated only 14 times and surpassed only twice).

In 1896, Lohmann began to play for Surrey at the end of May, and, though he took 93 wickets and helped Richardson to put Australia out for 53 on a good wicket at Lord's, it was thought he had not come up to expectations. Indeed, on several occasions when pitches were suited to him (against Middlesex at The Oval, Somerset at Taunton and Lancashire at Manchester), his bowling should have met with much greater success. Still, he had a fully satisfactory benefit in the game against Yorkshire in August.

A pay dispute, in which he demanded twice the existing 10-pound match fee given at the time to professional cricketers caused Lohmann, along with Billy Gunn to withdraw from the last Test match. He continued to play for Surrey that August, but at the end of the season his health again degenerated and he had to return to South Africa and a continuation of the 1896 pay dispute caused Lohmann to retire from his English career for good.

Last days

Lohmann emigrated to South Africa permanently in 1897 and played a full season of first-class cricket for Western Province. In five matches on matting pitches during March 1897 he took 34 wickets for 12.26 runs each, but it was clear throughout that year that his health was unlikely to recover, and he was able to play only one further first-class match for "A Bailey's Transvaal XI".

However, Lohmann did come back to England in 1901 to manage the second South African touring team (and the first whose matches were actually recognised as first-class). However, his health was clearly never going to recover completely, and even after returning to Cape Town with the onset of autumn in England, Lohmann's condition only became more critical. On the first of December 1901, the tuberculosis he had fought against for nine years finally claimed his life at age 36.

Awards

*"Wisden Cricketer of the Year" in 1889 (actually titled "Six Great Bowlers Of The Year").

ee also

*History of Test cricket (1884 to 1889)
*History of Test cricket (1890 to 1900)

Further reading

*Keith Booth, "George Lohmann, Pioneer Professional", SportsBooks Ltd, 2007, ISBN 978-1899807505.

External links

* [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/PLAYERS/ENG/L/LOHMANN_GA_01000092/ Profile at Wisden CricInfo England]
* [http://www.pcboard.com.pk/Archive/Players/0/92/92.html Profile at Cricket Archive]