Ronald Weitzer

Infobox Scientist


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name = Ronald Weitzer
box_width = 250px
birth_date = 1952
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death_date =
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residence = Washington, D. C.
nationality = American
field = Sociology, Criminology
work_institutions = George Washington University 1988–
alma_mater = University of California, Berkeley (PhD, 1985)
University of California, Berkeley (MA, 1978)
University of California, Santa Cruz (BA, Sociology, 1975)
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known_for = Research on police-minority relations, including racial profiling, and studies of the sex industry, prostitution laws, and trafficking policy. [http://www.gwu.edu/~soc/faculty/weitzer.cfm "Ronald Weitzer, Professor of Sociology"] , "Sociology at the George Washington University Campus" (website), 2007. ] [http://www.gwu.edu/~bulletin/grad/faculty/facw.html "Faculty Listing"] , "George Washington University Bulletin 2007–2008".]
prizes =
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footnotes

Ronald Weitzer (born 1952) ["Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry", edited by Ronald Weitzer, Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-92294-1 (hc), ISBN 0-415-92295-X (pb).] is a sociologist specializing in criminology and a professor at George Washington University, known for his publications on police-minority relations and on the sex industry.

Research and views

Prostitution and sex trafficking

Weitzer has authored a number of papers on the sex industry, with a focus on American policies toward prostitution laws and sex trafficking. He recently completed a study of the politics of legalizing prostitution in Western Australia, which legalized brothel and escort prostitution in April, 2008. ["Legalizing Prostitution: Morality Politics in Western Australia", "British Journal of Criminology", 48 (2008).]

Regarding American domestic prostitution policy, he advocates what he calls a "two-track" policy toward enforcement of prostitution laws. One "track" involves intensified law enforcement toward street prostitution (targeting both street prostitutes and their customers), arguing that street prostitution victimizes host communities and leaves the prostitutes themselves open to victimization. The second "track" involves what he calls "de facto decriminalization" of indoor prostitution, that is, the non-enforcement by police departments of laws against various forms of indoor prostitution, such as escorting, massage parlors, and brothels, even while such laws stay on the books. Weitzer holds that that these kinds of activities typically have little effect on the surrounding community and that enforcing laws against such practices involves involve time-consuming sting operations that waste police resources. Weitzer argues that this "two track" approach reflects public preferences regarding the proper focus of law enforcement, is a more efficient use of law enforcement resources, and is guided by the principle of harm reduction. ["Prostitution control in America: rethinking public policy" by Ronald Weitzer, "Crime, Law, and Social Change" 32(1):83–102, 1999. DOI|10.1023/A:1008305200324.] [ [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/09/26/INGAG8T3GP1.DTL "Why prostitution initiative misses"] by Ronald Weitzer, "San Francisco Chronicle", September 26, 2004.] He has stated that his "two track" policy recommendation cannot be neatly reduced to advocacy of "decriminalization" or "legalization". [ [http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=OWZmOWQxZGE1MGI5YTY0NjVkODA1MGQ3N2QyYjVmMGM= "Debating Trafficking"] (letter) by Ronald Weitzer, "National Review", October 22, 2007. (Response to: [http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=ZTk0OTFjYzQ1MmFjNTA1YmU0YjkxZDYxMTZkMjBlY2Y= "Looking Beneath the Surface"] by Donna M. Hughes, "National Review", October 1, 2007.)]

Weitzer has been highly critical of the abolitionist position on prostitution and the conflation of all sex work with sex trafficking. While agreeing that sex trafficking is a real phenomenon, he argues that the scale of it has been greatly exaggerated by abolitionist organizations, such as the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women. He also argues against claims that prostitution universally involves coercion and violence and that legalization would make such problems worse, claiming that research has shown that carefully regulated legal prostitution, in parts of the world where it exists, greatly increases the safety and job satisfaction of sex workers. He also argues against what he views as the demonization of customers in anti-prostitution arguments. He has stated that the exaggeration of the scale of violence and trafficking in the sex industry, the demonization of customers, and the call for a punitive response to such problems by prostitution abolitionists amounts to a moral panic. [http://www.bayswan.org/traffick/Weitzer_Criminologist.pdf "The growing moral panic over prostitution and sex trafficking"] by Ronald Weitzer, "The Criminologist" 30(5):1,3–5, September/October 2005.] [http://nsrc.sfsu.edu/MagArticle.cfm?Article=566 "Prostitution panic"] by Ronald Weitzer, "American Sexuality" (online journal), February 9, 2006.] [http://myweb.dal.ca/mgoodyea/Documents/Migration%20studies/The%20social%20construction%20of%20sex%20trafficking%20Weitzer%20Pol%20Soc%202007%20%2035(3)%20%20447-475.pdf "The Social Construction of Sex Trafficking: Ideology and Institutionalization of a Moral Crusade"] by Ronald Weitzer, "Politics & Society" 35(3):447–475, September 2007.]

He further argues that prostitution abolitionists are largely motivated by ideology, generally radical feminism or Christian right views, and this ideologically-driven view taints research and statistics about prostitution and trafficking offered by researchers and groups that advocate this position. He has been particularly critical of the claims of anti-prostitution writers such as Janice Raymond, Donna M. Hughes, and Melissa Farley for such reasons. [http://web.archive.org/web/20060111065947/http://www.woodhullfoundation.org/content/otherpublications/WeitzerVAW-1.pdf “Flawed Theory and Method in Studies of Prostitution”] by Ronald Weitzer, "Violence Against Women" 11(7): 934–949, July 2005.] Weitzer also holds that the Bush administration and its congressional allies have strongly embraced prostitution abolitionist views as a justification for a crackdown on the sex industry.

Weitzer's views have been in turn criticized by prostitution abolitionist Melissa Farley. She argues that all science is infused with values and that the assumptions of both abolitionist and pro-legalization researchers guide the hypotheses that drive such research. Farley has criticized Weitzer's perspective, claiming that his views place the perspectives of the surrounding community and of customers ahead of that of women in prostitution. Farley also claims that research has shown that indoor prostitutes are as vulnerable to violence as outdoor prostitutes, but that such violence is simply less visible to the larger community. [ [http://www.nostatusquo.com/farley/FarleyResponse.pdf "Prostitution Harms Women Even if Indoors: Reply to Weitzer"] by Melissa Farley, "Violence Against Women" 11(7): 950–964, July 2005.] Weitzer responds that it is possible to carry out objective research on the sex industry and that abolitionists have simply failed to do so. He also denies viewing prostitution solely from the point of view of the nonprostitute community, and that the views of both prostitutes and nonprostitutes are far from monolithic, in any event. [ [http://www.geocities.com/wikispace/weitzer.2005b.pdf "Rehashing Tired Claims About Prostitution: A Response to Farley and Raphael and Shapiro"] by Ronald Weitzer, "Violence Against Women" 11(7): 971–977, July 2005.]

Police-minority relations

Weitzer has done research on police-minority relations in Israel, Northern Ireland, South Africa, and the United States, including studies of racial profiling and police misconduct and racially-biased policing. ["Perceptions of Racial Profiling: Race, Class, and Personal Experience" by Ronald Weitzer and Steven Tuch, "Criminology" 40(2):435–456, May 2002. DOI|10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00962.x] [ [http://www.gwu.edu/~bygeorge/051503/profiling.html " GW Study Explores Profiling Response: Professors Weitzer and Tuch Find Racial Profiling Viewed as Widespread Across America"] by Eric Solomon, "ByGeorge! Online", George Washington University, May 15, 2003.] His research has used multiple research methods. He conducted in-depth interviews and observations of police-citizen interactions in a major study of policing in three neighborhoods in Washington, DC. Each neighborhood was either racially or economically distinct -- a black middle-class community, white middle-class community, and an impoverished black community. Major differences were found between the three neighborhoods in their perceptions of the DC police and the kinds of interactions and experiences neighborhood residents had with police officers. Prior to this study, Weitzer conducted major research on police-community relations in Northern Ireland, comparing four types of Catholic and Protestant neighborhoods. The study resulted in his 1995 book, Policing Under Fire. Recently, Weitzer has analyzed survey data (with Badi Hasisi) on Arabs and Jews opinions of the Israel Police. Weitzer and Tuch published a book on Americans' views and personal experiences with the police, entitled Race and Policing in America: Conflict and Reform. In addition, Weitzer has examined the effects of major, well-publicized incidents of police misconduct (such as brutality and corruption) on public opinion toward to the police in New York and Los Angeles. This study found that public confidence in the police eroded dramatically after each incident, incidents that were given intensive media coverage. Although satisfaction with the police gradually rebounded years after the incident, this process took longer for African-Americans and Hispanics than for white residents of the two cities. ["Incidents of Police Misconduct and Public Opinion" by Ronald Weitzer, "Journal of Criminal Justice", 30(5):397–408, 2002. DOI|10.1016/S0047-2352(02)00150-2.]

Major publications

Books

* (with Steven Tuch)," Race and Policing in America: Conflict and Reform", New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN 0521851521 (hc), ISBN 0521616913 (pb).
* (editor), "Current Controversies in Criminology", New York: Prentice Hall, 2003. ISBN 0130941158.
* (editor), "Deviance and Social Control: A Reader", New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002. ISBN 007245900X.
* (editor), "Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry", New York: Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-92294-1 (hc), ISBN 0-415-92295-X (pb). Published in Japan by Studio Pan, 2004.
* "Policing Under Fire: Ethnic Conflict and Police-Community Relations in Northern Ireland", State University of New York Press, 1995. ISBN 079142247X.
* "Transforming Settler States: Communal Conflict and Internal Security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe", University of California Press, 1990. ISBN 0520064909.

Journal and anthology articles

* [http://myweb.dal.ca/mgoodyea/Documents/Migration%20studies/The%20social%20construction%20of%20sex%20trafficking%20Weitzer%20Pol%20Soc%202007%20%2035(3)%20%20447-475.pdf "The Social Construction of Sex Trafficking: Ideology and Institutionalization of a Moral Crusade"] , "Politics & Society" 35(3):447–475, September 2007. DOI|10.1177/0032329207304319.
* (with Steven Tuch), "Reforming the Police: Racial Differences in Public Support for Change", "Criminology" 42(2): 391–416, May 2004. DOI|10.1111/j.1745-9125.2004.tb00524.x.
* (with Charis E. Kubrin), "New Directions in Social Disorganization Theory", "Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency" 40(4):374–402, December 2003. DOI|10.1177/0022427803256238.
* (with Charis E. Kubrin), [http://www.gwu.edu/~soc/docs/Kubrin_Weitzer.pdf "Retaliatory Homicide: Concentrated Disadvantage and Neighborhood Culture"] , "Social Problems" 50(2):157–180, May 2003. DOI|10.1525/sp.2003.50.2.157.
* (with Steven Tuch), "Perceptions of Racial Profiling: Race, Class, and Personal Experience", "Criminology" 40(2):435–456, May 2002. DOI|10.1111/j.1745-9125.2002.tb00962.x.
* [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3757/is_200001/ai_n8884690 "Racialized policing: Residents' perceptions in three neighborhoods"] , "Law & Society Review" 34(1):129–155, 2000. DOI|10.2307/3115118.
* "Why We Need More Research on Sex Work", in "Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry", edited by Ronald Weitzer, New York: Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0-415-92294-1 (hc), ISBN 0-415-92295-X (pb).
* "The Politics of Prostitution in America", in "Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry".
* "Prostitution Control in America: Rethinking Public Policy", "Crime, Law, and Social Change" 32(1):83–102, 1999. DOI|10.1023/A:1008305200324.
* "Prostitutes Rights In The United States: The Failure Of A Movement", "Sociological Quarterly" 32(1):23–41, Spring 1991. DOI|10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00343.x .

References

External links

* [http://www.gwu.edu/~soc/faculty/weitzer.cfm Faculty homepage] , George Washington University.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/09/22/AR2007092201401_pf.html "Human Trafficking Evokes Outrage, Little Evidence"] by Jerry Markon, "Washington Post", September 23, 2007.

By Weitzer

* [http://www.gwu.edu/~soc/docs/Kubrin_breaking_news.pdf "Breaking news: How local TV news and real-world conditions affect fear of crime"] , "Justice Quarterly" 21(3): 497–520, September 2004.
* [http://www.policechiefmagazine.org/magazine/index.cfm?fuseaction=print_display&article_id=466&issue_id=122004 "Public opinion on reforms in policing"] , "The Police Chief" 71(12), December 2004.
* [http://www.bayswan.org/New_Directions_prost.pdf "New directions in research on prostitution"] , "Crime, Law, and Social Change", 43(4/5): 211–235, June 2005.
* (with James Austin and Kelly Dedel Johnson) [http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/208804.pdf "Alternatives to secure detention and confinement of juvenile offenders"] , OJJDP Juvenile Justice Practices Series, "Juvenile Justice Bulletin", September 2005.
* [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00010.x?prevSearch=$%7BresultBean.text%7D "Prostitution as a form of work"] , "Sociology Compass" 1(1):143–155, 2007.
* "Legalizing Prostitution: Morality Politics in Western Australia", "British Journal of Criminology", 48 (2008).