Republic of the Congo presidential election, 1992

A presidential election was held in the Republic of the Congo in August 1992, marking the end of the transitional period that began with the February–June 1991 National Conference. It was won by Pascal Lissouba of the Pan-African Union for Social Democracy (UPADS), who defeated Bernard Kolélas of the Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development (MCDDI) in a second round of voting.

In the first round, held on August 8, Lissouba, who had served as Prime Minister in the 1960s, placed first with 36% of the vote, outperforming Kolélas, an opposition figure since the 1960s, who won 20%, and Denis Sassou-Nguesso of the former ruling party, the Congolese Labor Party (PCT), who won 17%. Sassou-Nguesso had been President since 1979 but only in a ceremonial capacity since the National Conference. Prime Minister André Milongo, who led the country during the transition but whose government had lost its responsibility for organizing the election after the local election of May 1992 proved controversial, ran as an independent candidate and placed fourth with 10%. Two former leading figures of the PCT, Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya of the Rally for Democracy and Social Progress (RDPS) and Joachim Yhombi-Opango of the Rally for Democracy and Development (RDD), placed fifth and sixth with 6% and 3% respectively.

In the first round, Lissouba enjoyed overwhelming support in the three regions collectively known as Nibolek—Niari (88.7%), Bouenza (80.6%), and Lékoumou (91.7%). Kolélas won a first round majority only in the Pool Region (64.4%), although he also won a plurality in Brazzaville, the capital (29.9%). Sassou-Nguesso dominated the north, winning first round majorities in Plateaux (57.6%) and Likouala (58.5%) and pluralities in Cuvette (47.9%) and Sangha (41.9%). Tchicaya and Yhombi-Opango made strong showings in certain regions—the former won 28% of the vote (behind Lissouba's 40%) in Kouilou Region, which includes Pointe-Noire, the country's second largest city, and the latter won 27% of the vote in Cuvette Region.John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in "Political Reform in Francophone Africa" (1997), ed. John F. Clark and David E. Gardinier, pages 70–71.]

With Sassou-Nguesso's support, Lissouba defeated Kolélas in the second round with 61% of the vote. Lissouba won all regions in the second round except Brazzaville, Pool, and Kouilou.

There were 1,332,821 registered voters at the time of the first round, and there were 794,181 votes; 8,200 votes were invalid. First round turnout was placed at 59.58%. In the second round, there were 1,350,241 registered voters and 825,791 votes. [Xavier Bienvenu Kitsimbou, [http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/84/67/PDF/THESE.pdf "LA DEMOCRATIE ET LES REALITES ETHNIQUES AU CONGO"] , University of Nancy II, October 26, 2001, page 104. fr icon.]

Results

electiontable|Congolese presidential election, 1992"'Summary of the August 8 and August 16 1992 Congolese presidential election results
-!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=left valign=top|Candidates - Parties!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|% R1!style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=right|% R2
-
align=left valign=top|Pascal Lissouba - Pan-African Union for Social Democracy ("Union Panafricaine pour la Démocratie Sociale")
valign="top"|35.89%
valign="top"|61.32%
-
align=left valign=top|Bernard Kolélas - Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development
valign="top"|20.32%
valign="top"|38.68%
-
align=left valign=top|Denis Sassou-Nguesso - Congolese Labor Party
valign="top"|16.87%
-
align=left valign=top|André Milongo - Independent
valign="top"|10.18%
-
align=left valign=top|Jean-Pierre Thystère Tchicaya - Rally for Democracy and Social Progress
valign="top"|5.78%
-
align=left valign=top|Joachim Yhombi-Opango - Rally for Democracy and Development
valign="top"|3.49%
-
align=left valign=top|Charles David Ganao - UFD
valign="top"|2.86%
-
align=left valign=top|Paul Kaya - Independent
valign="top"|1.94%
-
align=left valign=top|Gongarad N'koua - UPDP
valign="top"|0.69%
-
align=left valign=top|Clement Mierassa - PSDC
valign="top"|0.67%
-
align=left valign=top|Jean-Martin M'bembé - UP
valign="top"|0.45%
-
align=left valign=top|Alphonse Souchlaty Poaty - URP
valign="top"|0.30%
-
align=left valign=top|Agèle Bandou - UDPSEL
valign="top"|0.12%
-
align=left valign=top|Makangou Loukamy - AMICALE
valign="top"|0.08%
-
align=left valign=top|A. C. Kouba - RUDEL
valign="top"|0.05%
-
align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout: first round, 59.58%; second round, 61.16%)
width="75" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
width="30" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.0
-
align=left colspan=3|Source: [http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/16/84/67/PDF/THESE.pdf "LA DEMOCRATIE ET LES REALITES ETHNIQUES AU CONGO"] , page 104

References