- 5th Division (German Empire)
Infobox Military Unit
unit_name=5th Division ("5. Division"); in 1870-71 and from August 2, 1914, 5th Infantry Division ("5. Infanterie-Division")
dates=1818-1919
country=Prussia /Germany
branch=Army
type=Infantry (in peacetime included cavalry)
size=Approx. 15,000
command_structure=III. Army Corps ("III. Armeekorps")
garrison=Frankfurt an der Oder (1818-1919)
battles=Austro-Prussian War : KöniggrätzFranco-Prussian War : Spicheren, Mars-la-Tour, Gravelotte, Metz, Beaune-la-Rolande, Orléans, Le MansWorld War I :Battle of the Marne ,Race to the Sea , Verdun, Somme, 2nd Aisne,Kerensky Offensive , Caporetto,Spring Offensive ,Hundred Days Offensive
notable_commanders=Wolf Louis Ferdinand von Stülpnagel,Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz The 5th Division ("5. Division") was a unit of the
Prussia n/German Army. [From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army, as during the period of German unification (1866-1871) the states of theGerman Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.] It was formed inCrossen in 1816 as a brigade, moved to Frankfurt an der Oder in 1817, and became the 5th Division on September 5, 1818. [Günter Wegner, "Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939." (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p.96; Claus von Bredow, bearb., "Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deuschen Heeres" (1905), p.318] The headquarters moved toBerlin in 1840 and back to Frankfurt in 1845. [Wegner, p.96.; Bredow, p.319] The division was subordinated in peacetime to the III Army Corps ("III. Armeekorps"). [Wegner, p. 48.] The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. The division was recruited in theProvince of Brandenburg .The 10th Brigade of the 5th Division fought in the
Second Schleswig War of 1864, including the keyBattle of Dybbøl , or Düppeler Heights. [Wegner, p.320] The division then fought in theAustro-Prussian War in 1866, including theBattle of Königgrätz . [Hermann Cron et al., "Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee" (Berlin, 1935); Wegner, p.319] In theFranco-Prussian War of 1870-71, the division saw action in the battles of Spicheren, Mars-la-Tour, Gravelotte, Beaune-la-Rolande, Orléans, and Le Mans, and in theSiege of Metz . [Hermann Cron et al., "Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee" (Berlin, 1935); Wegner, p.319]The division was mobilized as the 5th Infantry Division in August 1914 and sent to the west for the opening campaigns of the war. In 1914 it fought in the
Battle of the Marne and theRace to the Sea . It then settled into positional warfare in the trenches along the Somme. It fought in theBattle of the Somme and in theBattle of Verdun in 1916 and in theSecond Battle of the Aisne (also called the Third Battle of Champagne) in 1917. In mid 1917, it was sent to the Eastern Front in response to the RussianKerensky Offensive . In October 1917, the division was transferred to the Italian Front, where it fought in theBattle of Caporetto . It returned to the Western Front in December 1917, and remained there until war's end, participating in the GermanSpring Offensive and the Allied offensives that followed. Until being bloodied in the offensives of 1918, the division was rated a first-class division by Allied intelligence. [ [http://www.1914-18.info/erster-weltkrieg.php?u=135 5. Infanterie-Division] ] ["Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919" (1920), pp. 108-111.]Order of battle in the Franco-Prussian War
During wartime, the 5th Division, like other regular German divisions, was redesignated an infantry division. The organization of the 5th Infantry Division in 1870 at the beginning of the Franco-Prussian War was as follows: [A. Niemann, "Der französische Feldzug 1870-1871" (Verlag des Bibliographischen Instituts, Hildburghausen, 1871), p. 42]
*9. Infanterie-Brigade
**Leibgrenadier-Regiment Nr. 8
**Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 48
*10. Infanterie-Brigade
**Grenadier-Regiment Nr. 12
**Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 52
*Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 3
*Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 12Pre-World War I organization
German divisions underwent various organizational changes after the Franco-Prussian War. The 5th Division was no exception, but unlike many divisions, there were no changes in the division's core infantry regiments. The organization of the division in 1914, shortly before the outbreak of World War I, was as follows: ["Rangliste der Königlich Preußischen Armee" (1914), pp. 60-61.]
*9. Infanterie-Brigade
**Leib-Grenadier-Regiment König Friedrich Wilhelm III (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 8
**Infanterie-Regiment von Stülpnagel (5. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 48
*10. Infanterie-Brigade
**Grenadier-Regiment Prinz Karl von Preußen (2. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 12
**Infanterie-Regiment von Alvensleben (6. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 52
*5. Kavallerie-Brigade
**1. Brandenburgisches Dragoner-Regiment Nr. 2
**Ulanen-Regiment Kaiser Alexander II von Rußland (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 3
*5. Feldartillerie-Brigade
**Feldartillerie-Regiment General-Feldzeugmeister (2. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 18
**Neumärkisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 54Order of battle on mobilization
On mobilization in August 1914 at the beginning of
World War I , most divisional cavalry, including brigade headquarters, was withdrawn to form cavalry divisions or split up among divisions as reconnaissance units. Divisions received engineer companies and other support units from their higher headquarters. The 5th Division was again renamed the 5th Infantry Division. Its initial wartime organization was as follows: [Cron et al., "Ruhmeshalle"]*9.Infanterie-Brigade:
**Leib-Grenadier-Regiment König Friedrich Wilhelm III (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 8
**Infanterie-Regiment von Stülpnagel (5. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 48
*10.Infanterie-Brigade:
**Grenadier-Regiment Prinz Karl von Preußen (2. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 12
**Infanterie-Regiment von Alvensleben (6. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 52
**Brandenburgisches Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 3
*"1/2" Husaren-Regiment von Zieten (Brandenburgisches) Nr. 3
*5.Feldartillerie-Brigade:
**Feldartillerie-Regiment General-Feldzeugmeister (2. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 18
**Neumärkisches Feldartillerie-Regiment Nr. 54
*1./Pionier-Bataillon von Rauch (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 3
*3./Pionier-Bataillon von Rauch (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 3Late World War I organization
Divisions underwent many changes during the war, with regiments moving from division to division, and some being destroyed and rebuilt. During the war, most divisions became triangular - one infantry brigade with three infantry regiments rather than two infantry brigades of two regiments (a "
square division "). An artillery commander replaced the artillery brigade headquarters, the cavalry was further reduced, the engineer contingent was increased, and a divisional signals command was created. The 5th Infantry Division's order of battle on March 9, 1918 was as follows: [Cron et al., "Ruhmeshalle"]*10.Infanterie-Brigade:
**Leib-Grenadier-Regiment König Friedrich Wilhelm III (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 8
**Grenadier-Regiment Prinz Karl von Preußen (2. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 12
**Infanterie-Regiment von Alvensleben (6. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 52
**Machinengewehr-Scharfschützen-Abteilung Nr. 13
*3.Eskadron/Husaren-Regiment von Zieten (Brandenburgisches) Nr. 3
*Artillerie-Kommandeur 142:
**Feldartillerie-Regiment General-Feldzeugmeister (2. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 18
**Fußartillerie-Bataillon Nr. 67
*Stab Pionier-Bataillon Nr. 116:
**1./Pionier-Bataillon von Rauch (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 3
**3./Pionier-Bataillon von Rauch (1. Brandenburgisches) Nr. 3
**Minenwerfer-Kompanie Nr. 5
*Divisions-Nachrichten-Kommandeur 5References
* [http://www.1914-18.info/erster-weltkrieg.php?u=135 5. Infanterie-Division - Der erste Weltkrieg]
* Claus von Bredow, bearb., "Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deuschen Heeres" (1905)
* Hermann Cron et al., "Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee" (Berlin, 1935)
* Hermann Cron, "Geschichte des deutschen Heeres im Weltkriege 1914-1918" (Berlin, 1937)
* Günter Wegner, "Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939." (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1
* "Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919" (1920)Notes
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