Porcher Island

Infobox Islands
name = Porcher


image caption = Oval Bay, Porcher Island
image size = 250px
locator
Location map|Canada British Columbia|lat=54|long=-130.5
map_custom = yes
native name =
native name link =
nickname =
location = Hecate Strait
coordinates = coord|54|00|N|130|30|W|display=inline
archipelago =
total islands =
major islands =
area = convert|200|sqmi|km2|abbr=on
length =
width =
coastline = convert|100|mi|km|abbr=on
highest mount =
elevation =
country = Canada
country admin divisions title = Province
country admin divisions = flag|British Columbia
country admin divisions title 1 = Regional District
country admin divisions 1 = Skeena-Queen Charlotte Regional District
country admin divisions title 2 =
country admin divisions 2 =
country largest city =
country largest city population =
population = 37
population as of = 2006
density = 0.071
ethnic groups =
additional info =

Porcher Island is an island in the Hecate Strait, British Columbia, Canada.

Geography

With a land area of convert|200|sqmi|km2|0|lk=on|abbr=on, Porcher Island is the eighth largest coastal island in British Columbia. The island’s northern tip is convert|24|km|mi|1|lk=on|abbr=on southwest of the port city of Prince Rupert, and convert|70|km|mi|1|lk=on|abbr=on due south of the southernmost extension of the Alaska Panhandle. The island is located within the Skeena-Queen Charlotte Regional District.

The island, together with some of its surrounding area, had a population of 37 in the Canada 2006 Census, down 26% from the 2001 census [cite web
last = Statistics Canada
title = Canada 2006 Census
url = http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Details/Page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=5927020&Geo2=PR&Code2=59&Data=Count&SearchText=Lasqueti&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=
accessdate = 2008-05-03] .

Porcher Island is bounded on the north by Chatham Sound and the Skeena River estuary, by Hecate Strait to the West and by Ogden Channel to the East. Metlakata Inlet and Kitkatla Channel separate Porcher’s southern flank from the Goschen, Dolphin and Spicer Islands, near the entrance to Principe Channel. Kitkatla (Laxklan), a First Nations village, is situated on Dolphin Island.

Porcher Island is nearly bisected from the south by Porcher Inlet, a long, narrow channel that intrudes convert|13.7|km|mi|1|lk=on|abbr=on into the island’s interior, before emptying into a salt lagoon at the foot of the Spiller Range. Oval Bay, on the island’s western edge, features a convert|5|km|mi|1|lk=on|abbr=on sandy beach, which is exposed to the ferocious southeast gales that regularly sweep through Hecate Strait.

Ecology

Porcher Island is part of the Hecate Lowland Ecosection, a once heavily glaciated band of narrow lowland rain forest and coastal archipelago that stretches from Portland Inlet in the north to Queen Charlotte Strait in the south. Hecate Lowland terrain is generally rough and rocky, with wide areas of muskeg wetland and bog forest. Tree species include western red cedar, yellow cedar, mountain hemlock and fir. Salal, ferns, berry bush and skunk cabbage are commonly found undergrowth. Lowland climate in the Porcher Island region is dominated by frontal flows from Dixon Entrance, resulting in frequent wind storms and heavy rainfall.

Waterfowl are found in abundance throughout the protected inlets and estuaries that notch Porcher Island’s 100 mile coastline. Species include murre, grebe, murrelet, gull, tern, loon, auklet, petrel and eagle. Both Chatham Sound and Kitkatla Channel afford a profusion of breeding and nesting habitat for a wide variety of seabirds, and are essential components of the Pacific coast migratory flyway.

History

Porcher Island is named after Edwin Augustus Porcher, R. N. (1821-1878), who served as Commander of HMS "Sparrowhawk" at Esquimalt Naval Base, Vancouver Island, from the spring of 1865 until he returned to England in the fall of 1868. While serving with the North Pacific Squadron, Commander Porcher made four summertime voyages to the north coast of British Columbia; in 1866, 1867 and twice in 1868. The route of the Inside Passage that the "Sparrowhawk" took from Esquimalt to the Hudson’s Bay Company trading post at Fort Simpson (the First Nations village of Lax Kw’alaams) would have passed close by the island in Chatham Sound that now bears the Commander’s name.

HMS "Sparrowhawk" was launched in March, 1856 at Limehouse, England and served at various stations in the Far East. By the spring of 1865, she was a converted, three-masted barque of the Wanderer Class, equipped for sail or steam. The 200-foot vessel carried five guns and a complement of 90 officers and men. She was sold in 1872 and was eventually lost in a typhoon. Porcher Island was named by Captain Daniel Pender in 1867.

With the exception of a brief influx of homesteaders in the wake of Prince Rupert being chosen as the terminus of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway in 1906, Porcher Island has always been sparsely populated. The island’s relative isolation, combined with wet, cool summers and severe winters, has discouraged many of those who sought to make Porcher Island their permanent home. Nonetheless, three small settlements that were established during the 20th century still boast a few inhabitants today. These settlements are to be found at Hunt’s Inlet and at Humpback Bay, both on the island’s northernmost tip, and at Oona River, which flows into Ogden Channel at the island’s eastern edge.

Hunt’s Inlet is a collection of older buildings grouped around a government dock, with the more recent addition of a number of vacation homes built by Prince Rupert residents.

. Humpback Bay continued to serve as a net storage facility until the 1980s, when the Crown lease was sold to private interests.

With 30 or so permanent residents, Oona River currently has the largest population of the three surviving Porcher Island settlements. Situated at the northern end of Ogden Channel, Oona River was originally settled by Scandinavian immigrants in the years before and after the First World War. The village has long been a source of wooden boats for the B.C. salmon fishing industry. Scores of these sturdy, seaworthy vessels were hand-built from red and yellow cedar by early settlers and their descendants, and some can still be seen in use today. The Oona River Salmon Enhancement Project, first established some 25 years ago, continues to rebuild threatened coho salmon stocks in the Porcher Island area.

Notice to Mariners: If one were to sail due south from Porcher Island, through 80 degrees of latitude, one would, with any luck, encounter Pitcairn Island, the site of the refuge sought by nine of the mutineers who seized "HMS Bounty" by force of arms on the 28th of April, 1789.

External links

* [http://www.porcherislandcannery.ca A history of Porcher Island Cannery]

References

Blyth, Gladys Young. Salmon Canneries, North Pacific Coast, Oolichan Books, Lantzville, B.C., 1991.

British Columbia Magazine, Volume 45, Number 2, Summer 2003, pp. 11-19.

British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Skeena Region, Hecate Lowland Ecosection Summary.

Smith, Dwight L. (ed) A Tour of Duty of the Pacific Northwest: E. A. Porcher and H.M.S. Sparrowhawk, 1865-1868, University of Alaska Press, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2000