Duke Peter of Oldenburg

Infobox Person
name = Peter of Oldenburg

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caption =
image_size = frameless
birth_date = birth date|1812|08|26
birth_place = Yaroslavl, Russian Empire
death_date = death date and age|1881|05|14|1812|08|26
death_place = St. Petersburg, Russia
parents =Duke George of Oldenburg and Catherine Pavlovna of Russia
spouse = Therese, Princess of Nassau-Weilburg

Duke Peter Georgievich of Oldenburg (26 August 1812, Yaroslavl, Russian Empire — 14 May 1881 St. Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Duke of the House of Oldenburg. He was the grandfather of Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg as well as grandfather of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich, General of the Imperial Russian Army during World War I. His great-great grandson, Nicholas Romanov, is the current President of the Romanov Family Association, and one of two pretenders to the Russian throne.

Peter of Oldenburg was a scholar and philanthropist. He was also noted composer of music. In 1857 he composed the music for Marius Petipa's ballet "La Rose, la Violette et le Papillon". The "Pas d'Esclave" from the ballet "Le Corsaire", which is taken from his score for this work, is still heard in theatres all over the world.

Early life

Peter Georgievich was born on August 26, 1812 in Yaroslavl, Russia as Prince Peter Konstantin Friedrich of Oldenburg. His father, Duke George, who was only the second son of the reigning Duke of Oldenburg, had no prospects of inherited his father's state or fortune of his own and was living in Russia since his marriage in 1809 to Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia. Duke George, who had been appointed governor on the Volga, died six month after Peter Georgievitch, his second, was born. Peter's mother Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia was the favorite sister of Tsar Alexander I of Russia who took his two nephews, Peter and his older brother Alexander, under his protection. The brothers lived in Russia until his mother married King William I of Württemberg in 1816. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 372] They moved to Württemberg and were educated in Stuttgart. At the death of his mother, less than three years later, Peter and his brother were sent to their grandfather in Oldenburg. Being in direct line of succession to the throne of Oldenburg, as their uncle the hereditary Grand Duke Augustus was unmarried at the time, both boys were given the same extensive education by their grandfather Duke Peter as he had given his own sons and were regularly sent on instructive trips around Germany to broaden their education. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 372]

In May 1829 his grandfather died and after the death of his brother Alexander in November of the same year, Peter maternal uncle, Tsar Nicholas I of Russia sent for Peter, and named him a Colonel in the Lifeguards. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 372] He quickly rose trhough the ranks and was subsequently appointed Lieutenant General. After four years service he retired, and became active in St. Petersburg government. In 1834 he was made a Russian Senator, and it was from that time that his name began to be known as a great philanthropists, devoting his energies primarily to education. He founded a School of law, at which Russia's future judges and administrators were educated, and in 1844 he was appointed head of an organization to further the education of women. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 372]

Peter of Oldenburg was also a scholar, speaking eight languages. As Honorary President of the Tsarina Maria Trust he also played a leading role in overseeing the development of hospitals in Russia, one of which in St Petersburg was called the Prince Peter of Oldenburg Children Hospital. He also made substantial donation to school building programs in Oldenburg, his country of origin. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 372]

Marriage

On April 23, 1837, Duke Peter married Therese Wilhelmine Friederikke, Princess of Nassau-Weilburg in Biebrich. This was a happy marriage that lasted for more than thirty years. They had eight children, three of them died early. A daughter Cecilie died in childhood in 1843 and another daughter, Catherine and a son George died from tuberculosis in 1866 and 1871 respectively. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 373] Peter Georgievich and his wife led an exemplary family life, and looked carefully after the education of their children. The family spent the winter months in Peterhof and moved for the summer to their other residence Kamenoi-Ostroff. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 372]

Composer

Duke Peter was a talented pianist and composer, and in 1842 he composed his first major piano concerto. In 1844 his second piano concerto was performed for the first time at the Mikhailovsky Palace by the great pianist Clara Schumann, and conducted by his longtime friend and colleague Adolf Henselt. As with most Russian nobility, Duke Peter was a longtime balletomane and patron of the arts. In 1857 he was commissioned to compose the score for Marius Petipa's "ballet-divertissement" "La Rose, la Violette et le Papillon", which was given as a performance for the royal court at the Imperial Theatre of Tsarskoe Selo. In 1858 Petipa extracted a "Pas de Deux" from the Duke's score and added it to his revival of the ballet "Le Corsaire", re-naming the piece the "Pas d'Esclave". It is the only composition of Duke Peter's still heard today in the theater.

Many of Duke Peter's compositions were used as educational tools by the Saint Petersburg Conservatory. The composer and teacher Adolf Henselt, a close friend of the Duke's, expanded on many of his compositions in order to utilize them for instructional purposes.

Last years

Peter spent fifty years In Russia's service, for which he was widely respected and was thanked by a massive celebration in St Petersburg in 1880 attended by his first cousin Tsar Alexander II of Russia and most of the Imperial family, his cousin Grand Duke Nicholas of Oldenburg and representatives of the many organizations with which the Prince was connected. He was close to Tsar Alexander II and took his assassination in March 1881 very badly and died two months later on May 14, 1881 in St. Petersburg. [ “The Russian Oldenburgs”: David McIntosh, p. 372]

Children

*Alexandra of Oldenburg (2 June 1838, St. Petersburg — 13 April1900 Kiev, Ukraine);m. Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831-1891).
* Nicholas of Oldenburg (9 May 1840, St. Petersburg — 20 January 1886, Geneva, Switzerland) m. Maria Bulazel created Countess of Osternburg.
* Cecile of Oldenburg (27 February 1842 St. Petersburg — 11 January 1843, St. Petersburg)
* Alexander of Oldenburg (2 June 1844, St Petersburg, — 6 September 1932, Biarritz, France). Heir of the Russian Oldenburgs. He married princess Eugenia of Leuchtenberg. Their only son, Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg, married Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia
* Katherine of Oldenburg (21 September 1846, St. Petersburg — 23 June 1866, St. Petersburg)
* George of Oldenburg (17 April 1848, St. Petersburg — 17 March 1871, St. Petersburg)
* Konstantin of Oldenburg (27 April 1850, St. Petersburg — 18 March 1906 in Nice, France);m. Princess Agrafena Djaparridze, created Countess of Zarnekau
* Therese of Oldenburg (30 March 1852, St. Petersburg — 18 April 1883 St. Petersburg);m. George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg (1852-1912)

Notes

Bibliography

*McIntosh, David, "The Russian Oldenburgs", in Royalty History Digest.

Ancestry

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1= Duke Peter of Oldenburg
2= George, Duke of Oldenburg
3= Catherine Pavlovna of Russia
4= Peter, Duke of Oldenburg
5= Friederike of Württemberg
6= Paul I of Russia
7= Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
8= Prince Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp
9= Sophie Charlotte of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
10=Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg
11=Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt
12=Peter III of Russia
13=Catherine II of Russia
14=Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg
15=Friederike Dorothea of Brandenburg-Schwedt

External links

* [http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=buchroeder&id=I576209598 RootsWeb.com page on Grand Duke Peter von Oldenburg]