SoundFont

SoundFont is a brand name that collectively refers to a file format and associated technology designed to bridge the gap between recorded and synthesized audio, especially for the purposes of computer music composition. SoundFont is also a registered trademark of E-mu Systems, Inc..

SoundFont technology is akin to software sampling. A SoundFont file, or SoundFont 'bank', contains one or more sampled audio waveforms (or 'samples'), which can be re-synthesized at different pitches and dynamic levels. Each sampled waveform may be associated with one or more ranges of pitches and dynamics. Generally speaking, the quality of a SoundFont bank is a function of the quality of the digital samples and the intelligent association of samples with their appropriate pitch ranges. Quality is also dependent on the number of samples taken for a given range of pitches.

SoundFont banks are tightly integrated with MIDI devices and can be seamlessly used in place of GM patches in many computer music sequencers. The sound quality of SoundFont banks is generally regarded as superior to standard GM banks, and many SoundFont banks have been created specifically to replace GM banks with samples of each corresponding instrument.

History

The original SoundFont 1.0 version of the file format was developed in the early 1990s by E-mu and Creative Labs. A specification for this version was never released to the public. The first and only major device to utilize this version was Creative's Sound Blaster AWE32 in 1994. Files in this format conventionally have the file extension of .SBK.

The SoundFont 2.0 version of the file format was developed in 1996. The 2.0 format generalized the data representation using perceptually additive real world units, redefined some of the instrument layering features within the format, added true stereo sample support and removed some obscure features of the 1.0 version whose behavior was difficult to specify. This version was fully disclosed as a public specification, with the goal of making the SoundFont format become an industry standard. All SoundFont 1.0 compatible devices were updated to support the SoundFont 2.0 format shortly after the format was released to the public, and consequently the 1.0 version became obsolete. Files in this format (and all other 2.x formats, see below) conventionally have the file extension of SF2.

The SoundFont 2.1 version of the file format was introduced in 1998 with an E-mu sound card product called the Audio Production Studio. The 2.1 version added features allowing sound designers to configure the way MIDI controllers influence synthesizer parameters. The 2.1 format is bidirectionally compatible with the 2.0 format, which means that synthesizers capable of rendering 2.1 format will also by definition render 2.0 format, and synthesizers that are only capable of rendering 2.0 format will also read and render 2.1 format, but just not apply the new features.

The SoundFont 2.4 version of the file format was introduced in 2005 with the Sound Blaster X-Fi product. (There never was a 2.2 or a 2.3 version.) The 2.4 format added support for 24-bit samples. The 2.4 format is bidirectionally compatible with the 2.1 format, which makes it so synthesizers that are only capable of rendering 2.0 or 2.1 format would automatically render instruments using 24-bit samples at 16-bit precision.

Functionality

The most sophisticated sound cards use wavetables to read MIDI files. MIDI files don't contain any sounds but only instructions to render them. In SoundFont-compatible software users can use SoundFonts to render their music.

This kind of synthesis offers a more realistic effect, because its based on sampled sounds of real instruments of CD Quality or better. The SoundFont bank contains not only sounds but also other characteristics such as loops, vibrato effect, volume changing, etc.

A SoundFont bank contains .wav files that are mapped to sections on a keyboard for playback. A SoundFont-compatible sound card. A computer with such a card can yield results similar to those of a professional digital sampler.

SoundFont banks can conform to General MIDI, or use other sound formats.

Examples of sound formats :

* The Soundfont format of Creative Labs, the creator of the Sound Blaster sound card and E-mu. One can create his or her own SoundFonts with software such as the [http://www.soundblaster.com/soundfont/ Vienna Soundfont Studio] offered by Creative Labs.
* The DLS-1 ("DownLoadable Sounds") of The (MMA) MIDI Manufacturers Association.
* The (MPEG) Moving Picture Experts Group standard body : uses its own format to define the DLS-2 ("DownLoadable Sounds Level 2" and (SASBF) Structured Audio Sample Bank Format with the (MIT) Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
* Other software like SoftSynthesizer and WinGroove use Yamaha proprietary formats.

File extensions

Soundfont use .sbk extension (for SoundFont Bank) and .sf2 (for SoundFont Bank Version 2)

Tools

* [http://www.synthfont.com/ SynthFont] can play, edit, and create SoundFont banks on soundcards which are not Sound Blaster compatible.
* [http://www.fmjsoft.com/ Awave Studio] can be used to edit and create SoundFont files on Windows systems, and convert to and from other audio file formats. It does not require a Sound Blaster compatible card.
* [http://www.vemberaudio.se/shortcircuit.php Shortcircuit] is a freeware VST plugin which allows the playback and editing of SoundFont presets on cards not natively supporting such playback. Processor with SSE-support needed.
* [http://www.soundfaction.com/alive/ Alive] is a drag and drop based visual editor for SoundFont banks , and can be used to create, manage and edit SoundFont files on Windows systems with a Sound Blaster compatible card.
* FluidSynth [http://www.nongnu.org/fluid/] is a free, open source program which synthesizes using SoundFont technology without need for a SoundFont-compatible soundcard, and the size of loaded SoundFont banks is limited by the amount of RAM available. There is a GUI for FluidSynth called [http://qsynth.sourceforge.net/qsynth-index.html Qsynth] which is also open source. Both are available in most Linux distributions; compiling them for Windows is also possible.
* [http://www.geocities.com/lstnght2000/ Megafont] is a (freeware and open source) program created for dynamically managing, loading and unloading SoundFont files on Creative Sound Blaster Live! cards. I.e., it's a dynamic cache manager for these cards.
* [http://www.personalcopy.com/sfpack.htm SFPack] and [http://melodymachine.com/sfark.htm SFArk] are archivers for SoundFont banks which use different compression techniques.
* [http://www.edgesounds.com/rathole.aspx RatHole] is a freeware archiver for Windows and Mac OS X, which is especially designed for compressing any files with audio data.
* [http://timidity.sourceforge.net/index.html.en Timidity++] is a high quality software-only MIDI sequencer and MOD player available for various platforms. It uses sound fonts (GUS-compatible or SF2-compatible) to render MIDI files, so users don't need to have a SoundFont compatible soundcard. However, for .sf2 files is not as good as FluidSynth which follows very closely the [http://www.soundblaster.com/soundfont/sfspec21.pdf sf2 specs] .
* The [http://www.soundfont.com/tutorials/musicevolution6.html Vienna SoundFont Studio] can be used to edit and create SoundFont files on Windows systems with a Sound Blaster compatible card. [http://swami.sourceforge.net/ Swami] is another SoundFont editor/creator for Linux systems.
* [http://homepage.mac.com/bismark/ bs-1 / bs-16] is a SoundFont 2 compatible software sampler for Steinberg VST , and Apple Audio Units plug-in format (Windows / Mac OS X).
* [http://notahat.com/simplesynth SimpleSynth] is a SoundFont 2 compatible software synthesizer for use with Mac OS X.
* [http://sonicamigos.com/ PolyPhontics] is professional sound bank studio for Mac OS X that supports SoundFont and DLS formats. [http://sonicamigos.com/ PolyPhontics GB] is a SoundFont sound bank editor specifically geared towards GarageBand users.
* [https://gervill.dev.java.net/ Gervill] is a software sound synthesizer for use with the Java Sound API that supports soundfont 2.04 and downloadable sounds 2.2
* [http://www.un4seen.com/ XMPlay] is originally a free player for XM files, but in tract of time it developed to a multifunctional audioplayer. Now it uses the SF2 format too.

External links

Online tutorials

* [http://soundblaster.com/soundfont/tutorials/welcome.asp?articleid=54141&page=1 Soundfont Tutorial at Soundblaster.com]
* [http://linux.webcindario.com/senda/megafont-in-xp.txt Using Megafont in Windows XP]
* [http://www.sf2-files.com/sf2-reason.php Using SoundFont banks with Reason]
* [http://www.sf2-files.com/sf2-kontakt.php Using SoundFont banks with Kontakt]
* [http://www.sf2-files.com/sf2-halion.php Using SoundFont banks with Halion]
* [http://www.sf2-files.com/sf2-vsampler.php Using SoundFont banks with VSampler]

Free SoundFont downloads

* [http://www.sonivoxmi.com/freesoundfonts.asp SONiVOX MI] A long time provider of professional quality soundfonts. Lots of free soundfonts, though main site's focus is for paid Soundfonts.
* [http://www.sf2midi.com/ sf2midi.com] Hosts a large SoundFont database, which is available after free registration. Also supports a small community forum.
* [http://www.hammersound.net/ HammerSound.net] A site for free soundfonts. A [http://www.hammersound.com/cgi-bin/soundlink.pl Soundfont Library] is available.
* [http://soundfonts.homemusician.net HomeMusician.net] One of the largest free SoundFont archives.
* [http://zandro.freeunixhost.com/ ZSF Distribution] Largest known online SoundFont repository, exceeding 64GB of content accessible via the ed2k link protocol.
* [http://freepats.opensrc.org/sf2/ Freepats] is a free patch set suitable for MIDI audio synthesis. It is not complete, nor comprehensive yet. It is, however, the sole DFSG-compliant patch set in existence so far. New SF2 patches are welcome.
* [http://vincentbernay.free.fr/Guitar%20Vince.sf2 Guitar Vince] Free high quality guitar SoundFont.
* [http://www.henry-chinaski.de/free_bass/ Free Bass] Multisampled Ibanez Bass.
* [http://www.digitalsoundfactory.com Digital Sound Factory] Free Demo and SoundFont Libraries available for download.
* [http://thepatchlab.com The Patch Lab ] Free VST Patch Banks, Kits and samples.
* http://prosites-allmanmusic.homestead.com/jOrgan.html Theatre Organ pipe samples SoundFonts.
* http://brucemiles1.mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk/soundfonts.html "English Organ" and "Cinema Organ" SoundFonts.
* [http://www.zophar.net/utilities/soundfont.html Zophar's Domain: SoundFonts] Very high quality SoundFonts of popular video games.
* [http://sounds.resonance.org Resonance Instrument Database] Several categorized soundfonts.
* [http://www.composition-contest.com/index.html Midi & MP3 Composition Contest for Composers] Hosts the famous Merlin soundfonts, versions Creative, Gold, Orchestra, Grand and Vienna.

Others

* [http://www.sonivoxmi.com www.sonivoxmi.com] Creators of sonicimplants, and known for professional quality soundfonts.
* [http://www.jayzensound.com/index.htm www.jayzensound.com] High-quality SoundFonts for creative music production and sound design.
* [http://www.soundfont.com/ SoundFont.com] Creative's main SoundFont product and technology page.
* [http://developer.creative.com/landing.asp?cat=2&sbcat=34&top=51 Creative Developer Relations] Creative developer resources for SoundFont technology, including the SoundFont 2.4 format specification.
* [http://www.edgesounds.com/sounds.aspx EdgeSounds] High quality General MIDI SoundFont Banks. Some rare ethnic SoundFotnts for free download.
* [http://www.jensensamples.com www.jensensamples.com] High Quality Guitar SoundFonts.
* [http://www.excite.co.jp/world/english/web/?wb_url=http%3A%2F%2Fmusf.ifdef.jp%2Fsf%2FTodays%5FSound%5FFont.html&wb_lp=JAEN&wb_dis=2 Today's Sound Font] Discretionary listing of SoundFonts provisioned with brief reviews, ratings, and links of origin; written in Japanese by musf (translation is being provided through BizLingo via Excite Japan).