Clique

Clique

A clique (play /ˈklɪk/ or US /ˈklk/) is an exclusive group of people who share common interests, views, purposes, patterns of behavior, or ethnicity.[1] A clique as a reference group can be either normative or comparative. Membership in a clique is typically exclusive, and qualifications for membership may be social or essential to the nature of the clique. The word clique may be used pejoratively.

A normative clique or reference group is often the primary source of social interaction for the members of the clique, which can affect the values and beliefs of an individual. The comparative clique or reference group is a standard of comparison in which a clique can exist in the workplace, in a community, in the classroom, in a business, or any other area of social interaction. Cliques tend to form within the boundaries of a larger group where opportunities to interact are great.[2] Cliques are often associated with children and teenagers in a classroom setting. Schools are a prime place where peer networks exist and can easily be accentuated through the differentiation of various cliques, and through the processes of inclusion and exclusion that characterize a clique.[3]

Many parents see cliques as ostracism; however, cliques are neither good nor bad. Cliques are formed by people grouping together based on things they have in common whether they be the "jocks," "preppy girls," or "nerds." The negative association of cliques in school settings occurs when bullying is found, but in many cases, bullying is not at all present. In reality, high school cliques are no different than cliques in the "real world." Once high school has ended, adults seem to group together with other people they share common interests with, and they do not hang with people they either do not like or cannot relate with. [4]

In social network theory, as well as in graph theory, a clique is a subset of individuals in which every person is connected to every other person. Graphically, it is a subset of points (or nodes) in which every possible pair of points is directly connected by a line, and which is not part of any other clique.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jones, E. E.; Gerard, H. B. (1967). Foundations of Social Psychology. New York: Wiley Books. 
  2. ^ Hallinan, Maureen T.; Smith, Stevens S (June 1989). "Classroom Characteristics and Student Friendship Cliques". Social Forces (University of North Carolina Press) 67 (4): 898–919. doi:10.2307/2579707. JSTOR 2579707. 
  3. ^ Adler, Patricia A., Steven J. Kless, and Peter Adler (1992). "Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity among Elementary School Boys and Girls". Sociology of Education (American Sociological Association) 65 (3): 169–187. doi:10.2307/2112807. JSTOR 2112807. 
  4. ^ "The Record" (2007). "Cliques may be everywhere, but don't assume they're mean." Bergen County, NJ: North Jersey Media Group Inc.
  5. ^ Scott, J. (2000). Social network analysis. London: Sage Publications.

External links


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  • Clique — Clique …   Deutsch Wörterbuch

  • clique — [ klik ] n. f. • XIVe; de l a. fr. cliquer « faire du bruit » → clic 1 ♦ Fam. Coterie, groupe de personnes peu estimables. ⇒ 2. bande, cabale. « Puzzini ameute sa clique, me dénonce au ministre » (P. L. Courier). Il est venu avec toute sa clique …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • Clique — steht für: eine informelle Gruppe mit hoher Netzwerkdichte, im absprechenden Sinn eine Basler Fasnachtsclique einen Begriff aus der Graphentheorie, siehe Knotenüberdeckungen, Cliquen und stabile Mengen Cliquenproblem (CLIQUE) ist ein wichtiges… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Clique 2 — (Байрон Бей,Австралия) Категория отеля: 4 звездочный отель Адрес: 12 Shirley Lane, 2481 Бай …   Каталог отелей

  • Clique 3 — (Байрон Бей,Австралия) Категория отеля: 4 звездочный отель Адрес: 12 Shirley Lane, 2481 Бай …   Каталог отелей

  • Clique 4 — (Байрон Бей,Австралия) Категория отеля: 4 звездочный отель Адрес: 12 Shirley Lane, 2481 Бай …   Каталог отелей

  • clique — CLIQUE. s. f. Société de gens qui s unissent pour cabaler, pour tromper. C est une dangereuse clique. Il est de la clique. Il est du style familier …   Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798

  • clique — [kli:k] n [Date: 1700 1800; : French; Origin: cliquer to make a noise ] a small group of people who think they are special and do not want other people to join them used to show disapproval clique of ▪ a ruling clique of officials ▪ the cliques… …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • Clique — Sf Gruppe erw. fremd. Erkennbar fremd (18. Jh.) Entlehnung. Entlehnt aus frz. clique, einer Ableitung von afrz. cliquer, clinquer lärmen, klingen , das wohl auf eine Vermengung von ndl. klinken schallend schlagen und ndl. klikken petzen,… …   Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache

  • clique — clique; clique·less; clique·ish; …   English syllables

  • Clique — »Sippschaft, Klüngel«: Das Fremdwort wurde im 18. Jh. aus gleichbed. frz. clique, einer Ableitung von dem lautmalenden afrz. Zeitwort cliquer »klatschen«, entlehnt. Die Grundbedeutung von frz. clique wäre demnach »das Klatschen« bzw. »die… …   Das Herkunftswörterbuch

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