Canadian Pacific Airlines Flight 402

Infobox Airliner accident
name=Canadian Pacific Airlines Flight 402
Date=March 4, 1966
Type=Landing
Site=Tokyo, Japan
Fatalities=64
Aircraft Type=McDonnell Douglas DC-8-43
Operator=Canadian Pacific Airlines
Tail Number=airreg|CF|CPK|disaster
Passengers=62
Crew=10
Survivors =8

On March 4, 1966, Canadian Pacific Airlines Flight 402 (CP402), a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-43, struck the approach lights and a seawall during a night landing attempt in poor visibility at Tokyo International Airport in Japan. Of the 62 passengers and 10 crew, only 8 passengers survived. An American Broadcasting Company news vice-president who had been touring the network's Asian bureaus, was among the 64 fatalities.

Flight 402 was a Hong Kong to Tokyo to Vancouver flight, which took off at 16:14 Japan Time from Kai Tak International Airport on the first leg of the journey. The flight was in a holding pattern for almost one hour, waiting for visibility at the destination to improve above landing minimums. The tower controller cleared the flight for an instrument approach when visibility improved, but the crew had to abort the approach when visibility dropped again. At 20:05 local time, the pilot radioed the control tower that he was diverting to Taiwan, and was told the visibility at the airport had increased above minimums again to five-eighths of a mile. The pilot then decided to make another approach before diverting.

The ground-controlled approach was normal until the aircraft was seen on the precision approach radar suddenly descending below the glide slope. At 850 m (2,800 ft) from the runway threshold, the aircraft's landing gear struck part of the approach lighting system. The pilot lost control of the aircraft as it hit several more obstructions, including the 2 m (7 ft) seawall at the runway threshold, leaving a half mile long trail of burning wreckage on the airfield.

The Japanese government-appointed investigation team concluded in their report, issued two years later, that there was no fault in the airport's control tower. They stated the cause was pilot error, while acknowledging that poor visibility could have caused an optical illusion that confused the pilot. The probable cause statement was that the "Pilot misjudged landing approach under unusually difficult weather conditions."

This accident was one of five fatal aircraft disasters -- four commercial and one military -- in Japan in 1966. Less than 24 hours later, BOAC Flight 911, a Boeing 707, taxied past the still smoldering wreckage of the DC-8, then broke up in flight shortly after departure when it encountered extreme clear-air turbulence in the lee of Mount Fuji, killing all 124 passengers and crew. This brought the total death toll from both accidents in the Tokyo area to 188, then a record for a single day.

Less than a month before, All Nippon Airways Flight 60, a Boeing 727, crashed into Tokyo Bay while on approach to land at the same airport, killing all 133 aboard. In addition, two other incident occurred on August 26 and November 13. The combined effect of these five accidents shook public confidence in commercial aviation in Japan, and both Japan Air Lines and All Nippon Airways were forced to cut back some domestic service due to reduced demand.

References

*cite news
work=The Chronicle Telegram
date=1966-03-03
author=Willenson, Kim (UPI)
title=Jet spews dead, survivors ½ mile on Tokyo runway
url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com/LandingPage.aspx?type=glpnews&search=jet%20spews%20dead,%20survivors%20mile%20on%20tokyo%20runway&

quote=Canadian Pacific Airlines DC8 jetliner with 71 persons reported aboard struck a sea wall while landing in heavy fog tonight and disintegrated into a mass of flaming wreckage that spewed the dead and survivors along half a mile of the runway.
*cite news
work=The Independent
date=1966-03-05
title=64 Perish in Fiery Jet Crash
url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com/LandingPage.aspx?type=glp&search=jesse%20zousmer%201966%20tokyo&

quote=Officials of the American Broadcasting Co. paid tribute Friday to JESSE ZOUSMER, the network's Vice President who was killed in the crash of a Canadian Pacific jetliner in Tokyo
*cite news
url=http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899079,00.html
title=The Worst Single Day
work=Time (magazine)
date=1966-03-11
quote=Ironically, the doomed 707 had just taxied out for its takeoff past the wreckage of Canadian Pacific's Hong Kong-to-Tokyo flight.
*cite news
author=Reuters
title=Japan's airlines cut Tokyo-Osaka runs
work=The New York Times
date=1966-03-19
page 58
url=http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50D11F93A541A7493CBA81788D85F428685F9
quote=Japan Air Lines and All Nippon Airways announced today a reduction in their flights between Tokyo and Osaka following three air crashes in the last six weeks.
*cite news
work=Winnipeg Free Press
date=1968-02-26
author=Associated Press
title=Airport Absolved In 1966 Crash, TOKYO (AP)
url=http://news.google.com/archivesearch/url?sa=t&ct=res&cd=0-0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspaperarchive.com%2Fnewspapers1%2Fna0010%2F6787748%2F41343264.html&ei=QelhRubNJZDG6wH3h6DiCQ&usg=AFQjCNG_1-8zlQumhMjl7WEW-rg0cHckvw|quote=A Japanese government-appointed team investigating the cause of the crash of a Canadian Pacific Airline DC-8 jetliner at Tokyo International Airport two years ago sent a final report to the Canadian government concluding that there was no fault at the airport's control tower.
*cite news
work=Winnipeg Free Press
author=Reuters
date=1968-03-04
title=Pilot Blamed in Crash
url=http://www.newspaperarchive.com/LandingPage.aspx?type=glpnews&

quote=An official Japanese report said Sunday the crash of a Canadian Pacific Airline DC-8 jetliner at Tokyo International Airport two years ago today was believed to have happened because the pilot misjudged his landing approach in foggy weather.
*cite web
url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19660304-0
publisher=Aviation Safety Network
title=ASN Aircraft accident description Douglas DC-8-43 CF-CPK - Tokyo-Haneda Airport (HND)
accessdate=2007-06-02
quote=Tokyo cleared Flight 402 for another GCA approach to runway 33R. At 1 mile from touchdown the aircraft was 20 feet below the GCA glide path and was instructed to level off momentarily.