Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus

Taxobox
name = "PAGENAME"
virus_group = V
ordo = "Mononegavirales"
familia = "Rhabdoviridae"
genus = "Novirhabdovirus"
species = "Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus"

Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is a member of the "Rhabdoviridae" family, and from the genus "Novirhabdovirus". It causes the disease known as infectious hematopoietic necrosis in salmonid fish like trout and salmon. IHNV is commonly found in the Pacific Coast of Canada and the USA, and has also been found in Europe and Japan. [cite journal |author=Rudakova SL, Kurath G, Bochkova EV |title=Occurrence and genetic typing of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Kamchatka, Russia |journal=Dis. Aquat. Org. |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |year=2007 |pmid=17523538 |doi=] [cite journal |author=Nishizawa T, Kinoshita S, Kim WS, Higashi S, Yoshimizu M |title=Nucleotide diversity of Japanese isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) based on the glycoprotein gene |journal=Dis. Aquat. Org. |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=267–72 |year=2006 |pmid=17058607 |doi=] [cite journal |author=Enzmann PJ, Kurath G, Fichtner D, Bergmann SM |title=Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus: monophyletic origin of European isolates from North American genogroup M |journal=Dis. Aquat. Org. |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=187–95 |year=2005 |pmid=16261933 |doi=] IHNV is transmitted following shedding of the virus in the feces, urine, sexual fluids, and external mucus and by direct contact or close contact with surrounding water. The virus gains entry into fish at the base of the fins. [cite journal |author=Harmache A, LeBerre M, Droineau S, Giovannini M, Brémont M |title=Bioluminescence imaging of live infected salmonids reveals that the fin bases are the major portal of entry for Novirhabdovirus |journal=J. Virol. |volume=80 |issue=7 |pages=3655–9 |year=2006 |pmid=16537634 |doi=10.1128/JVI.80.7.3655-3659.2006]

Clinical signs of infection with IHNV include abdominal distension, bulging of the eyes, skin darkening, anemia and fading of the gills. Infected fish commonly hemorrhage in several areas; the mouth and behind the head, the pectoral fins, muscles near the anus, and (in fry) the yolk sac. Diseased fish weaken eventually floating “belly-up” on the surface of the water. Necrosis is common in the kidney and spleen, and sometimes in the liver. [ [http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/infectious_hematopoietic_necrosis.pdf Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ] ]

The complete RNA genome of IHNV has been sequenced. This virus encodes a leader sequence of 60 amino acids and 6 proteins; nucleocapsid (N), polymerase-associated phosphoprotein (P or M1), matrix protein (M or M2), surface glycoprotein (G), non-virion protein (NV) and virus polymerase (L). [cite journal |author=Morzunov SP, Winton JR, Nichol ST |title=The complete genome structure and phylogenetic relationship of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus |journal=Virus Res. |volume=38 |issue=2-3 |pages=175–92 |year=1995 |pmid=8578857 |doi=] [cite journal |author=Schütze H, Enzmann PJ, Kuchling R, Mundt E, Niemann H, Mettenleiter TC |title=Complete genomic sequence of the fish rhabdovirus infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus |journal=J. Gen. Virol. |volume=76 ( Pt 10) |issue= |pages=2519–27 |year=1995 |pmid=7595355 |doi=]

References