List of mammals in Poland

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Poland. There are 112 mammal species in Poland recorded in historic times, of which 0 are critically endangered, 5 are endangered, 11 are vulnerable, and 4 are near-threatened.3 of the species listed for Poland can no longer be found in the wild or is extinct completely. [This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD); however the list was supported by respective Polish and international publications, focusing on mammalogy. The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institute, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of Near Threatened and Least Concern categories:

† species extinct in Poland and not reintroduced♠ sporadic vagrant, no records of breeding in the Polish territory♣ alien species, introduced in Europe from the other part of the world, or introduced in Poland from the other country

ubclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

----

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

*Suborder: Sciurognathi
***Family: Castoridae (beavers)
****Genus: Castor
***** European Beaver "Castor fiber" NT
***** American Beaver "Castor canadensis"♣† LR/lc
***Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
****Subfamily: Sciurinae
*****Tribe: Sciurini
******Genus: Sciurus
******* Red Squirrel "Sciurus vulgaris" NT
****Subfamily: Xerinae
*****Tribe: Marmotini
******Genus: Marmota
******* Alpine Marmot "Marmota marmota" LR/lc
******Genus: Spermophilus
******* European ground squirrel "Spermophilus citellus" VU
******* Speckled Ground Squirrel "Spermophilus suslicus" VU
***Family: Gliridae (dormice)
****Subfamily: Leithiinae
*****Genus: Dryomys
****** Forest dormouse "Dryomys nitedula" LR/nt
*****Genus: Eliomys
****** Garden dormouse "Eliomys quercinus" VU
*****Genus: Muscardinus
****** Hazel Dormouse "Muscardinus avellanarius" LR/nt
****Subfamily: Glirinae
*****Genus: Glis
****** Edible dormouse "Glis glis" LR/nt
***Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
****Subfamily: Sicistinae
*****Genus: Sicista
****** Northern Birch Mouse "Sicista betulina" LR/nt
****** Southern Birch Mouse "Sicista subtilis" LR/nt
***Family: Cricetidae
****Subfamily: Cricetinae
*****Genus: Cricetus
****** European Hamster "Cricetus cricetus" LR/lc
****Subfamily: Arvicolinae
*****Genus: Ondatra
****** Muskrat "Ondatra zibethicus"♣ LR/lc
*****Genus: Arvicola
****** Water Vole "Arvicola terrestris" LR/lc
*****Genus: Chionomys
****** Snow Vole "Chionomys nivalis" LR/nt
*****Genus: Clethrionomys
****** Bank Vole "Myodes glareolus" LR/lc
*****Genus: Microtus
****** Field Vole "Microtus agrestis" LR/lc
****** Common Vole "Microtus arvalis" LR/lc
****** Tundra Vole "Microtus oeconomus" LC
****** European Pine Vole "Microtus subterraneus" LR/lc
****** Tatra Vole "Microtus tatricus" LR/nt
***Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
****Subfamily: Murinae
*****Genus: Apodemus
****** Striped Field Mouse "Apodemus agrarius" LR/lc
****** Yellow-necked Mouse "Apodemus flavicollis" LR/lc
****** Wood mouse "Apodemus sylvaticus" LC
****** Ural Field Mouse "Apodemus uralensis" LR/lc
*****Genus: Micromys
****** Harvest Mouse "Micromys minutus" LR/nt
*****Genus: Rattus
****** Black Rat "Rattus rattus" LR/lc
****** Brown Rat "Rattus norvegicus" LR/lc

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

----The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

**Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
***Genus: Oryctolagus
**** European Rabbit "Oryctolagus cuniculus" LR/lc
***Genus: Lepus
**** Mountain Hare "Lepus timidus" LR/lc
**** Brown Hare "Lepus europaeus" LR/lc

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

----The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

**Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
***Subfamily: Erinaceinae
****Genus: Erinaceus
***** Southern White-breasted Hedgehog "Erinaceus concolor" LR/lc
***** West European Hedgehog "Erinaceus europaeus" LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and soledons)

----The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mmmals. The shrews and soledons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout bodied burrowers.

**Family: Soricidae (shrews)
***Subfamily: Crocidurinae
****Genus: Crocidura
***** Bicolored Shrew "Crocidura leucodon" LR/lc
***** Lesser White-toothed Shrew "Crocidura suaveolens" LR/lc
***Subfamily: Soricinae
****Tribe: Nectogalini
*****Genus: Neomys
****** Southern Water Shrew "Neomys anomalus" LR/lc
****** Eurasian Water Shrew "Neomys fodiens" LR/lc
****Tribe: Soricini
*****Genus: Sorex
****** Alpine Shrew "Sorex alpinus" LR/lc
****** Common Shrew "Sorex araneus" LR/lc
****** Laxmann's Shrew "Sorex caecutiens" LR/lc
****** Eurasian Pygmy Shrew "Sorex minutus" LR/lc
**Family: Talpidae (moles)
***Subfamily: Talpinae
****Tribe: Talpini
*****Genus: Talpa
****** European Mole "Talpa europaea" LR/lc

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

----The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

**Family: Vespertilionidae
***Subfamily: Myotinae
****Genus: Myotis
***** Alcathoe Myotis "Myotis alcathoe"
***** Bechstein's Bat "Myotis bechsteinii" VU
***** Brandt's Bat "Myotis brandti" LR/lc
***** Pond Bat "Myotis dasycneme" VU
***** Daubenton's bat "Myotis daubentonii" LR/lc
***** Geoffroy's Bat "Myotis emarginatus" VU
***** Greater Mouse-eared Bat "Myotis myotis" LR/nt
***** Lesser Mouse-eared Bat "Myotis blythii" (="M. oxygnathus")♠ LR/lc
***** Whiskered bat "Myotis mystacinus" LR/lc
***** Natterer's bat "Myotis nattereri" LR/lc
***Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
****Genus: Barbastella
***** Barbastelle "Barbastella barbastellus" VU
****Genus: Eptesicus
***** Northern Bat "Eptesicus nilssonii" LR/lc
***** Serotine bat "Eptesicus serotinus" LR/lc
****Genus: Nyctalus
***** Lesser Noctule "Nyctalus leisleri" LR/nt
***** Common Noctule "Nyctalus noctula" LR/lc
***** Greater Noctule "Nyctalus lasiopterus"♠ LR/nt
****Genus: Pipistrellus
***** Nathusius' Pipistrelle "Pipistrellus nathusii" LR/lc
***** Common Pipistrelle "Pipistrellus pipistrellus" LC
***** Soprano Pipistrelle "Pipistrellus pygmaeus"
***** Kuhl's Pipistrelle "Pipistrellus kuhlii"♠ LC
****Genus: Plecotus
***** Brown long-eared bat "Plecotus auritus" LR/lc
***** Grey long-eared bat "Plecotus austriacus" LR/lc
****Genus: Vespertilio
***** Parti-coloured bat "Vespertilio murinus" LR/lc
**Family: Rhinolophidae
***Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
****Genus: Rhinolophus
***** Greater Horseshoe Bat "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum"♠ LR/nt
***** Lesser horseshoe bat "Rhinolophus hipposideros" LC

Order: Cetacea (whales)

----The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

*Suborder: Mysticeti
***Family: Balaenidae
*****Genus: Balaena
****** Atlantic Northern Right Whale "Eubalaena glacialis"♠ EN
***Family: Balaenopteridae
****Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
*****Genus: Balaenoptera
****** Sei Whale "Balaenoptera borealis"♠ EN
****** Fin Whale "Balaenoptera physalus"♠ EN
****Subfamily: Megapterinae
*****Genus: Megaptera
****** Humpback Whale "Megaptera novaeangliae"♠ VU
*Suborder: Odontoceti
***Family: Phocoenidae
****Genus: Phocoena
***** Harbour Porpoise "Phocoena phocoena" VU
***Family: Monodontidae
****Genus: Delphinapterus
***** Beluga "Delphinapterus leucas"♠ VU
***Family: Ziphidae
****Genus: Mesoplodon
***** Sowerby's Beaked Whale "Mesoplodon bidens"♠ DD
****Genus: Hyperoodon
***** Northern Bottlenose Whale "Hyperoodon ampullatus"♠ LR/cd
***Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
****Genus: Delphinus
***** Common dolphin "Delphinus delphis"♠ LR/lc
****Genus: Lagenorhynchus
***** White-beaked Dolphin "Lagenorhynchus albirostris"♠ LR/lc
****Genus: Tursiops
***** Bottlenose Dolphin "Tursiops truncatus"♠ DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivores)

----

The carnivores include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. Carnivores have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

*Suborder: Feliformia
**Family: Felidae (cats)
***Subfamily: Felinae
****Genus: Felis
***** Wildcat "Felis silvestris" LC
****Genus: Lynx
***** Eurasian Lynx "Lynx lynx" NT
*Suborder: Caniformia
**Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
***Genus: Procyon
**** Raccoon "Procyon lotor"♣ LR/lc
**Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
***Genus: Vulpes
**** Raccoon Dog "Nyctereutes procyonoides"♣ LC
***Genus: Vulpes
**** Red Fox "Vulpes vulpes" LC
***Genus: Canis
**** Gray Wolf "Canis lupus" LC
**Family: Ursidae (bears)
***Genus: Ursus
**** Brown Bear "Ursus arctos" LR/lc
**Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
***Genus: Mustela
**** Stoat "Mustela erminea" LR/lc
**** Steppe Polecat "Mustela eversmannii" LR/lc
**** European Mink "Mustela lutreola"† EN
**** American Mink "Mustela vison"♣ LR/lc
**** Least Weasel "Mustela nivalis" LR/lc
**** European Polecat "Mustela putorius" LR/lc
***Genus: Martes
**** Beech Marten "Martes foina" LR/lc
**** Pine Marten "Martes martes" LR/lc
***Genus: Meles
**** Eurasian Badger "Meles meles" LR/lc
***Genus: Lutra
**** European Otter "Lutra lutra" NT
**Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
***Genus: Halichoerus
**** Grey Seal "Halichoerus grypus" LR/lc
***Genus: Phoca
**** Common Seal "Phoca vitulina" LR/lc
***Genus: Pusa
**** Ringed Seal "Pusa hispida" LR/lc

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

----The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

*Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
**Genus: Equus
*** Wild horse "Equus ferus"† EW

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

----The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

*Family: Suidae (pigs)
**Subfamily: Suinae
***Genus: Sus
**** Boar "Sus scrofa" LR/lc
*Family: Cervidae (deer)
**Subfamily: Capreolinae
***Genus: Alces
**** Moose "Alces alces" LR/lc
***Genus: Capreolus
**** Roe Deer "Capreolus capreolus" LR/lc
***Genus: Cervus
**** Red Deer "Cervus elaphus" LR/lc
**** Sika Deer "Cervus nippon"♣ LR/lc
***Genus: Dama
**** Fallow Deer "Dama dama"♣ LR/lc
*Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
**Subfamily: Bovinae
***Genus: Bos
**** Auroch "Bos primigenius"† EX
***Genus: Bison
**** Wisent "Bison bonasus" EN
**Subfamily: Caprinae
***Genus: Rupicapra
**** Chamois "Rupicapra rupicapra" LR/lc
***Genus: Ovis
**** Mouflon "Ovis musimon" (="O. ammon")♣ VU

Notes

References

*cite web
url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/search.php?kingname=ANIMALIA&phyname=CHORDATA&claname=MAMMALIA&freetext=&modifier=phrase&criteria=wholedb&taxa_species=1&redlistCategory%5B0%5D=all&redlistAssessyear%5B0%5D=all&country%5B0%5D=PL&aquatic%5B0%5D=all&regions%5B0%5D=all&habitats%5B0%5D=all&threats%5B0%5D=all&Submit_x=34&Submit_y=9&extendedResults=0&terrestrial=0&marine=0&freshwater=0&offset=0&sortorder%5B0%5D=spcscientificname&sortorder%5B1%5D=genname&sortorder%5B2%5D=spcname&sortorder%5B3%5D=spcauthor&sortorder%5B4%5D=spcinfrarank&sortorder%5B5%5D=spcinfraepithet&sortorder%5B6%5D=spcinfrarankauthor&sortorder%5B7%5D=spcstockname&sortorder%5B8%5D=comname_comp&sortorder%5B9%5D=rlcabb&sortorder%5B10%5D=rlscriteria&sortorder%5B11%5D=poptrend_code&sortorder%5B12%5D=rlcatcrit2001&sortorder%5B13%5D=spcrecid&sortorder%5B14%5D=kingname&debug=0&taxa_subspc=0&taxa_stock=0&newsort=Genus
title=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Poland
publisher=IUCN
date=2001
accessdaymonth = 22 May
accessyear=2007
*cite web
url=http://nmnhgoph.si.edu/msw/
title=Mammal Species of the World
publisher=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
date=2005
accessdaymonth = 22 May
accessyear=2007
*cite web
url=http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/index.html
title=Animal Diversity Web
publisher=University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
date=1995-2006
accessdaymonth = 22 May
accessyear=2007
*Baraniak E., Kubasik W., Pałka K. 1998. Smużka stepowa "Sicista subtilis" (Pallas, 1773) (Rodentia: Zapodidae) – nowy gatunek ssaka w faunie Polski. Przegląd Zoologiczny 42 (2): 241-243.
*Bogdanowicz W., Ruprecht A. L. 1987 Przypadki stwierdzeń szopa pracza "Procoyon lotor" (Linnaeus, 1758) w Polsce. Przegląd Zoologiczny 31 (3): 375-383
*Carleton M., Musser G., Pavlinov I. 2003. "Myodes" Pallas, 1811, is the valid name for the genus of red-backed voles. W: A. O. Averianov, N. I. Abramson (red.) Systematics, Phylogeny and Paleontology of Small Mammals. An International Conference Devoted to the 90th Anniversary of Prof. I. M. Gromov. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Saint Petersburg: 96-98.
*Mitchell-Jones A. J., Amori G., Bogdanowicz W., Kryštufek B., Reinjders P. J. H., Spitzenberger F., Stubbe M., Thissen J. B. M., Vohralik V., Zima J. 1999. The Atlas of European Mammals. Academic Press, London.
*Niermann I., Biedermann M., Bogdanowicz W., Brinkmann R., Le Bris Y., Ciechanowski M., Dietz C., Dietz I., Estók P., Helversen O. v., Le Houédec A., Paksuz S., Petrov B. P., Özkan B., Piksa K., Rachwald A., Roué S. Y., Sachanowicz K., Schorcht W., Tereba A., Mayer F. 2007. Biogeography of the recently described "Myotis alcathoe" von Helversen and Heller, 2001. Acta Chiropterologica 9: 361-378.
*Pucek Z. 1981. Key to vertebrates of Poland. Mammals. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa.
*Sachanowicz, K., Ciechanowski M., Piksa K. 2006. Distribution patterns, species richness and status of bats in Poland. Vespertilio 9-10: 151-173. http://www.ceson.org/vespertilio/9_10/Sachanowicz.pdf

ee also

*List of chordate orders
*List of regional mammals lists
*List of prehistoric mammals
*Mammal classification
*New mammal species