Lélio

"Lélio, ou Le retour à la vie" (English: "Lélio, or the Return to Life") Op. 14b is a work incorporating music and spoken text by the French composer Hector Berlioz, intended as a sequel to his "Symphonie fantastique". It was composed in Italy in 1831, often using previously written music, and first performed at the Paris Conservatoire on the 9th December, 1832 as "Le retour à la vie, mélologue en six parties". It was revised for a performance in Weimar at the request of Franz Liszt in 1855 and published the following year. According to David Cairns, "Lélio" had the most "immediate impact" of all Berlioz's works, yet the fashionable Romantic features and the mixture of declamation and music which appealed to early audiences have served to date the piece and it is rarely revived or recorded nowadays.

Overview

"Lélio" is a kind of sequel to "Symphonie fantastique" and makes use of the famous "idée fixe" (the recurring musical theme symbolising the beloved) from that work. Both the symphony and "Lélio" were inspired by the composer's unhappy love affairs, the symphony by Harriet Smithson, "Lélio" by Camille Moke, who had broken off her engagement to Berlioz, prompting the composer to contemplate suicide. "Lélio" is a record of the composer overcoming his despair and "returning to life" via the consolations of music and literature. Berlioz later revised his intentions, making it seem as if both the symphony and "Lélio" were about Harriet Smithson (she later became his wife). The symphony uses programme music to describe a despairing artist trying to kill himself with an overdose of opium, leading to a series of increasingly terrifying visions. The programme of "Lélio" describes the artist wakening from these dreams, musing on Shakespeare, his sad life, and not having a woman. He decides that if he can't put this unrequited love out of his head, he will immerse himself in music. He then leads an orchestra to a successful performance of one of his new compositions and the story ends peacefully.

"Lélio" consists of six musical pieces presented by an actor who stands on stage in front of a curtain concealing the orchestra. The actor's dramatic monologues explain the meaning of the music in the life of the artist. The work begins and ends with the "idée fixe" theme, linking "Lélio" to "Symphonie fantastique".

The music

The six pieces of music are:
#"Le pêcheur. Ballade" ("The Fisherman. Ballad") A setting of a translation of Goethe's ballad "Der Fischer".
#"Choeur d'ombres" ("Chorus of Shades") An evocation of the ghostly atmosphere of Shakespeare's "Hamlet", this piece reuses music from Berlioz's cantata "La mort de Cléopâtre".
#"Chanson de brigands" ("Brigands' Song") A celebration of the freedom of life enjoyed by outlaws in Calabria.
#"Chant de bonheur - Souvenirs" ("Song of Happiness - Memories") A tenor hymn in praise of the artist's recovered happiness. The music was originally used in the cantata "La mort d’Orphée" (1827).
#"La harpe éolienne" ("The Aeolian Harp") For orchestra alone, this is another reworking of music from the cantata "La mort d’Orphée". The Aeolian harp was an important symbol of artistic inspiration in Romanticism.
#"Fantaisie sur la "Tempête" de Shakespeare" ("Fantasy on Shakespeare's "The Tempest") A piece of programme music based on Shakespeare's "The Tempest" for orchestra and chorus (singing in Italian. "The work marks the first appearance of the piano as an orchestral instrument. Berlioz, who rarely repeated himself, never made use of it again." (Cairns p.382)

Recordings

*"Lélio" Lambert Wilson (narrator), Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, conducted by Charles Dutoit (Decca)

Orchestre National de l'ORTF, conducted by Jean Martinon (EMI)

ources

*David Cairns: "Berlioz: The Making of an Artist" (the first volume of his biography of the composer) (André Deutsch, 1989)
*Hugh Macdonald: "Berlioz" ("The Master Musicians", J.M.Dent, 1982)
*Berlioz: "Memoirs" (Dover, 1960)
*Booklet notes to the Dutoit recording

External links

* [http://www.hberlioz.com/Libretti/Lelio.htm Complete text of "Lélio"]