Geoffroea decorticans

Taxobox
name = Chañar


image_width = 240px
image_caption = isolated G. decorticans in the Argentine Pampa
status = LC
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Fabales
familia = Fabaceae
subfamilia = Faboideae
genus = "Geoffroea"
species = "G. decorticans"
binomial = "Geoffroea decorticans"
binomial_authority = (DC.) B.

"Geoffroea decorticans", the chañar, kumbaru, or chilean palo verde (Green wood), is a small deciduous tree, up to 25' tall (7-8m) that inhabits most arid forests (montes or espinales) of southern South America. The Chañar is cold and drought deciduous; it loses its leaves in winter, and possibly in summer if conditions get too dry. It is natural to Chile and Argentina, also present in Paraguay and southern Peru. It is a very characteristic tree in local culture and folk because of its vivid visual presence, propagation, and ancient ethnomedical uses.

Morphology

The common name Chilean Palo Verde comes from the mottled green color of the trunks but does not seriously resemble Cercidium. The chañar tends to be quite upright with a spreading canopy with both straight and mildly curving trunks. As trees mature the trunks and branches take on a sculptural quality with long longitudinal, irregular ridges and valleys. Along with this undulating trunk, large flakes of the bark peel off or decorticate (hence the species name decorticans). The peeling tan to brown bark is eventually shed revealing the dark green, "immature" trunk beneath. The contrasting colors and textures created by this puzzle-piece pattern make the tree visually fascinating. [ [http://www.aridzonetrees.com/AZT%20Interactive%20Buttons/Tree%20Index/Cut%20sheets/Geoffroea/Geoffroea%20decorticans.htm Arid Zone Trees on G. decorticans] ]

The flowers are very visible, small, papery and yellow coloured.The tree flowers in spring, either singly or in clusters. Geoffroea decorticans is unique among legumes in that it produces fleshy, oval pods that hold a single seed. Fruit are initially green but turn deep orange as they mature.

Distribution and Habitat

This tree inhabits dry to arid spiniferous forests in a rather broad area of southern South America which extends mainly through I to IV regions of Chile and central and northern Argentina. Its companions conforming the forest are usually algarrobos, quebrachos and the closely related and very abundant cavens.

Usage

Seeds and fruit since edible are valued as human and animal feed and the yellow wood is suitable for carpentry and furniture making once dry. It is also used as fuel and to make cheap posts for fences. [ [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/ae/2002/00000051/00000001/art00923 Ecology of Geoffroea decorticans in central Argentine dry forest] ] Fruits are very commonly used for both culinary and medical purpouses in the processed form of chañar arrope. Extremely sweet, dark and thick is very similar to honey or vegetable molasses and is used as their substitute. It is locally well known to aliviate sore throats and coughing. [ [http://www.turismosalta.gov.ar/paginas/gourmet/recetas.asp Cocina regional del norte argentino] ]

References

* [http://www.aridzonetrees.com/AZT%20Interactive%20Buttons/Tree%20Index/Cut%20sheets/Geoffroea/Geoffroea%20decorticans.htm Arid Zone Trees on G. decorticans]
* [http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ap/ae/2002/00000051/00000001/art00923 Ecology of Geoffroea decorticans in central Argentine dry forest]
*Pictures and information of [http://www.chilebosque.cl/tree/geoffroea_decorticans.html Geoffroea decorticans in Northern Chile]
* [http://www.turismosalta.gov.ar/paginas/gourmet/recetas.asp Cocina regional del norte argentino]
* [http://pgrc3.agr.ca/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?819 Faboidae Notes]
* [http://fm2.fieldmuseum.org/vrrc/max/FABA-geof-deco-bo-MO4269150.jpgImage of G. decorticans branch - sample stored at FieldMuseum (Chicago)]