Edwin H. Simmons

Infobox Military Person
name=Edwin Howard Simmons
born= birth date|1921|8|25
died= death date and age|2007|5|5|1921|8|25


caption=
nickname="Collective memory of the Marine Corps"Ewing 2006.]
placeofbirth=Paulsboro, New Jersey
placeofdeath=Alexandria, Virginia
placeofburial=
allegiance= United States of America
branch=United States Marine Corps
serviceyears=1942-1978
rank= Brigadier General
unit=
commands=9th Marines Marine Corps History and Museums
battles=World War II – Battle of Guam Korean War –Battle of Inchon –Battle of Chosin Reservoir Vietnam War
awards=Distinguished Service Medal Silver Star Legion of Merit (3) Bronze Star Purple Heart
relations=
laterwork=Marine Corps History and Museums, Director Emeritus

Brigadier General Edwin H. Simmons (August 25, 1921-May 5, 2007) was a highly decorated United States Marine Corps officer who served in combat during three wars — including landing at Inchon and fighting at the Chosin Reservoir. He was renowned as the Marine Corps historian, being called "the collective memory of the Marine Corps". His 1974 book "The United States Marines: A History" is a seminal reference text.

Biography

Edwin Howard Simmons was born on August 25, 1921, in Paulsboro, New Jersey, and graduated from Paulsboro High School in 1938. He earned a bachelor of arts degree in journalism in 1942 at Lehigh University, where he had been elected to Phi Beta Kappa the previous year, and a master's degree in journalism in 1955 at Ohio State University. Prior to accepting his commission as a Marine second lieutenant on June 12, 1942, he held an Army Reserve commission.

During World War II, he trained at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, V.A., and Camp Lejeune, N.C., prior to serving overseas with the 5th Field Depot in the South and Central Pacific. He took part in combat during the capture of Guam and later served with the 7th Service Regiment on Okinawa and in China. He was promoted to captain in January 1944 and to major in June 1949.

Following the war, he served for three and one-half years as Managing Editor of the "Marine Corps Gazette", then completed the Amphibious Warfare School, Junior Course, Quantico, in 1950.

At the outbreak of the Korean conflict, he was serving with the Weapons Company, 1st Battalion, 6th Marines, Camp Lejeune. With his unit was part of the 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines, he was ordered to Korea in August 1950 and participated in the Inchon Landing that September. He continued in combat as a weapons company commander during the North Korean Aggression, the Communist China Aggression and the First UN Counter Offensive; and as a battalion operations officer and executive officer during the Communist China Spring Offensive.

Returning to the United States in July 1951, he served in various assignments with the Training and Replacement Command at Camp Pendleton, California; with the Naval ROTC unit at Ohio State University; and with the G-4 Division at Headquarters Marine Corps. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in December 1954. From August 1959 until October 1960, he served as Naval Attaché to the Dominican Republic. Carbine rifles from his office were used in the assassination of Trujillo, according to the Church Committee, but Simmons denies that he played any direct role in the assassination. Prior to returning to the Dominican Republic in September 1961 as U.S. Military Liaison Officer, U.S. Embassy, Santo Domingo, he was assigned as Senior Editor, Publications Group, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico. In January 1962, he joined the Strategic Plans Section, G-3 Division at Headquarters Marine Corps, and in July 1963 was promoted to colonel.

From July 1965 until July 1966, he served in Vietnam, first as G-3 of III Marine Amphibious Force, and later, as Commanding Officer, 9th Marine Regiment.

Returning from Vietnam, he was a student at the National War College for the next year prior to reporting to Headquarters Marine Corps where he served as Deputy Fiscal Director of the Marine Corps from August 1967 until May 1970. He was advanced to the rank of brigadier general on June 1, 1968.

Brigadier General Simmons returned to Vietnam for another one year tour, and served as Assistant Division Commander, 1st Marine Division (Rein), and subsequently as Deputy Commander, III Marine Amphibious Brigade. He returned to Headquarters Marine Corps on July 20, 1971, where he became Special Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Strategic Studies.

On December 1, 1971, he assumed duties as Director of Marine Corps History and Museums. He went on the retired list on July 1, 1972, but continued on active duty without interruption of service as Director of Marine Corps History and Museums. On July 1, 1978, he reverted to inactive status on the retired list. In late October 1978, he returned as a Civil Service employee to his previous position as Director of Marine Corps History and Museums.

Brigadier General Simmons died on May 5, 2007 at his home in Alexandria, Virginia. He is survived by his wife, the former Frances G. Bliss of Denver, Colorado, two sons, Edwin H. Jr., and Clarke V., and two daughters, Bliss and Courtney.cite news
accessdate=2006-05-17
url=http://www.nj.com/columns/gloucester/jimsix/index.ssf?/base/columns-0/1178781903105030.xml&coll=8
title=To the core, he was of the Corps
author=Jim Six |work=Gloucester County Times
date=May 10, 2007]

Memberships

He was a fellow, governor, and treasurer of the Company of Military Historians and a member of the boards of trustees of the American Military Institute, the Marine Corps War Memorial Foundation, and the United States Commission on Military History. He also served as president of the 1st Marine Division Association, president of the American Society of Military Comptrollers, and vice-president of the National War College Alumni Association. In 1970, he received a Centennial Distinguished Graduate Medallion from Ohio State University.

Publications

Simmons wrote for numerous military and general publications, including the "Naval Review", "Naval Institute Proceedings", "Marine Corps Gazette", "Sea Power", and Army. He was the author of the history, "'The United States Marines" (published in London, 1974; and New York, 1976) and contributed extensively to various histories and standard works including the "Encyclopædia Britannica" and the "Dictionary of American History".

Decorations

The complete list of Brigadier General Simmon's medals and decorations include: the Distinguished Service Medal, the Silver Star Medal, the Legion of Merit with Combat "V" and two gold stars in lieu of a second and third award, the Bronze Star with Combat "V" and gold star in lieu of a second award, the Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat "V", the Purple Heart, the Combat Action Ribbon, the Presidential Unit Citation with three bronze stars, the Navy Unit Commendation with one bronze star, the China Service Medal, the American Campaign Medal, the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, the World War II Victory Medal, the National Defense Service Medal with one bronze star, the Korean Service Medal with one silver star indicative of five bronze stars, the Vietnam Service Medal with one silver star, the National Order of Vietnam 5th Class, the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with silver star and two palms, the Korean Presidential Unit Citation, the Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation, the Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Honor Medal, the United Nations Service Medal, and the Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal.

ee also

*History of the United States Marine Corps
*National Museum of the Marine Corps

Notes

References

:Marine Corps
*cite web|accessdate=2007-05-12
url=https://slsp.manpower.usmc.mil/gosa/biographies/rptBiography.asp?PERSON_ID=315&PERSON_TYPE=General
title=Official Biography: Brigadier General Edwin H. Simmons, Sr.
work=General Officers and Senior Executives Biographies
publisher=Manpower and Reserve Affairs, United States Marine Corps

*cite news|accessdate=2007-05-12
url=http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/05/marine_simmons_obit_070512/
title=‘Memory of the Marine Corps’ dies at 85
author=Philip Ewing
date=May 12, 2007
work=Marine Corps Times

*cite news|accessdate=2007-05-13
url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/08/AR2007050801917.html
title=General Edwin Simmons; called memory of Marine Corps
author=Patricia Sullivan|work=Washington Post|date=May 9, 2007
pages=B07