1865 in the United Kingdom

1865 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1865 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

*Monarch - Victoria of the United Kingdom
*Prime Minister - Henry Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Liberal (until 18 October), John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Liberal

Events

* 28 May - The Mimosa sets sail, carrying Welsh emigrants to Patagonia.
* 25 June - James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission at Brighton.
* July - General election won by the Liberal Party led by Lord Palmerston. [ [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/H/history/guide19/timeline47.html "Time traveller's guide to Victorian Britain" Channel 4 ] ]
* 2 July - The Christian Mission, later renamed the Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-141-02715-0|year=2006]
* 4 July - Lewis Carroll publishes "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland"."1865." The People's Chronology. Ed. Jason M. Everett. Thomson Gale, 2006.]
* 5 July - First speed limit is introduced in Britain by the Locomotive Act — 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country.
* 14 July - A party led by Edward Whymper makes the first ascent of the Matterhorn.
* 23 July - the "SS Great Eastern" departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable.
* 28 September - Elizabeth Garrett Anderson graduates as Britain's first woman doctor.
* 9 October to 20 October - Unsuccessful uprising against British rule in Morant Bay, Jamaica; 400 rebels executed.
* 29 October - Lord John Russell becomes Prime Minister following the death of Lord Palmerston on 18 October.
* 11 November - Duar War with Bhutan ends with the Treaty of Sinchula, in which Bhutan cedes control of southern passes to Britain in return for an annual subsidy.
* 16 December - Edward John Eyre, governor of Jamaica, dismissed and censured for his excessive actions during the suppression of the recent rebellion.

Undated

* Francis Galton formulates eugenics. [Francis Galton, [http://www.mugu.com/galton/essays/1860-1869/galton-1865-hereditary-talent.pdf "Hereditary talent and character"] , "Macmillan's Magazine" 12 (1865): 157-166 and 318-327]
* Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation founded in Hong Kong by Thomas Sutherland.
* James Clerk Maxwell publishes "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field".
* Joseph Lister discovers the sterilising effects of carbolic acid.
* In London, a new sewer system built by the Metropolitan Board of Works is opened.
* Jumbo, a large African elephant, is transferred to London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction.
* New Poor Law Act improves conditions in workhouses.cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan & Veronica |year=1992 |title= The Chronology of British History|publisher= Century Ltd|location=London|pages= 286|isbn= 0-7126-5616-2]

Publications

* Lewis Carroll's novel "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
* Charles Dickens' novel "Our Mutual Friend".

Births

* 9 April - Laurence Hope, poet (died 1904)
* 2 June - George Lohmann, cricketer (died 1901)
* 3 June - King George V of the United Kingdom (died 1936)
* 15 July - Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, newspaper and publishing magnate (died 1922)
* 12 October - Arthur Harden, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940)
*20 October - Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)
* 27 October - Tinsley Lindley, footballer (died 1940)
* 4 December - Edith Cavell, nurse (died 1915)
* 30 December - Rudyard Kipling, writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1936)

Deaths

* 6 February - Isabella Beeton, cook and expert on household management (born 1836)
* 11 March - Robert Hermann Schomburgk, explorer (b. 1804, Freiburg)
* 8 June - Joseph Paxton, gardener and architect (born 1803)
* 25 July - James Barry, military surgeon (born 1795)
* 12 August - William Jackson Hooker, botanist (born 1785)
* 9 September - William Henry Smyth, astronomer and admiral (born 1788)
* 18 October - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister (born 1784)
* 1 November - John Lindley, botanist (born 1799)
* 8 November - Thomas Sayers, boxer (born 1826)
* 12 November - Elizabeth Gaskell, novelist and biographer (born 1810)

References

ee also


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