Rayner Heppenstall

John Rayner Heppenstall (27 July 1911 in Lockwood, Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England - 23 May 1981 in Deal, Kent, England) was a British novelist, poet, diarist, and a BBC radio producer.

Early life

He was a student at the University of Leeds, where he read English and Modern Languages, graduating in 1932. [Buckell, p. 15.] [http://www.dalkeyarchive.com/article/show/184] He had a brief teaching career, in Dagenham.http://homepage.ntlworld.com/mellor2/rayner2.html]

Coming to London in 1934, he rapidly made initial contacts in the literary world. A short study "Middleton Murry: A Study in Excellent Normality" (1934) brought him for a time into John Middleton Murry's "Adelphi" commune at "The Oaks", where in 1935 he worked as a cook. [J. P. Carswell (1978), "Lives and Letters: A. R. Orage, Katherine Mansfield, Beatrice Hastings, John Middleton Murry, S. S. Koteliansky, 1906-1957" pp. 247-249.] In 1935, also, he met Dylan Thomas, sent to meet him by Sir Richard Rees of the "Adelphi" magazine. [Andrew Lycett, "Dylan Thomas: A New Life" (2003), p. 130.] In short order he became a Catholic convert, and married Margaret Edwards in 1937. [Lycett, p. 146, 175.] In the mid-1930s he was influenced by Eric Gill. [Fiona MacCarthy, "Eric Gill" (1989), p. 162, p. 269.]

He was a friend of George Orwell, encountered also in 1935 through Thomas and Rees, [Gordon Bowker, "George Orwell" (2003), p. 164.] and later wrote about him in his memoir "Four Absentees". Heppenstall, Orwell and the Irish poet Michael Sayers shared a flat, in Lawford Road, Cammden. Heppenstall once came home drunk and noisy, and when Orwell emerged from his bedroom and asked him to pipe down, Heppenstall took a swing at him. Orwell then beat him up with a shooting-stick, and the following morning told him to move out. Friendship was restored, but after Orwell's death, Heppenstall wrote an account of the incident called "The Shooting-Stick". [Bernard Crick: "George Orwell: A Life", 1982]

During World War II, he was in the British Army, but with a Pay Corps posting at Reading, close enough to remain in touch with literary Fitzrovia. [Robert Hewison, "Under Siege: Literary Life in London 1939-45" (1977), p. 62.]

Novelist

Heppenstall's first novel "The Blaze of Noon", was neglected at the time. Much later, in 1967, it received an Arts Council award. [Buckell, p. 38.] He was Francophile in literary terms, and his non-fiction writing reflects his tastes.

Critical attention has linked him to the French nouveau roman, in fact as an anticipator, or as a writer of the "anti-novel". Several critics (including, according to his diaries, Helene Cixous) have named Heppenstall in this connection. He is sometimes therefore grouped with Alain Robbe-Grillet, or associated with other British experimentalists: Anthony Burgess, B. S. Johnson, Ann Quin, Alan Burns, Stefan Themerson and Eva Figes.

He was certainly influenced by Raymond Roussel, whose "Impressions of Africa" he translated. Later novels include "The Shearers", "Two Moons" and "The Pier". He also wrote a short study of the French Catholic writer Léon Bloy (Cambridge: Bowes & Bowes, 1953).

Radio work

From 1945 to 1965 he worked for the British Broadcasting Corporation on radio, as a feature writer and producer; and then for two further years as a drama producer. One of his early adaptations was of Orwell's "Animal Farm", in 1947. ["George Orwell: A Kind of Compulsion 1903-1936" (1998), p. 378.]

In his journals Heppenstall mentions problems he had with Evelyn Waugh regarding a radio broadcast in the 1940s. Waugh apparently felt that Heppenstall purposely insulted him, when he was sent to take him to the broadcast.

Works

*Middleton Murry: A Study in Excellent Normality (1934)
*First Poems (1935)
*Apology for Dancing (1936) ballet
*Sebastian: New Poetry (1937)
*Proems (1938) with Lawrence Durrell, Ruthven Todd, Patrick Evans, Edgar Foxall, and Oswell Blakeston
*The Blaze of Noon (1939) novel
*Blind Men's Flowers Are Green (1940) poetry
*Saturnine (1943) novel, reissued as The Greater Infortune (1960)
*Poems, 1933-1945 (poems) (1946)
*The Double

*Imaginary Conversations: Eight Radio Scripts (1948)
*Three Tales of Hamlet (1950) with Michael Innes
*The Lesser Infortune (1953) novel
*Léon Bloy (1953)
*My Bit of Dylan Thomas (1957)
*Architecture of Truth: The Cistercian Abbey of Le Thoronnet in Provence (1957)
*Four Absentees: Dylan Thomas, George Orwell, Eric Gill, J. Middleton Murry (1960)
*The Fourfold Tradition: Notes On the French And English Literatures, with Some Ethnological And Historical Asides (1961)
*The Woodshed (1962)
*The Connecting Door (1962)
*The Intellectual Part: An Autobiography (1963)
*Raymond Roussel: A Critical Study (1966)
*The Shearers (1969)
*A Little Pattern of French Crime (1969)
*Portrait of the Artist as a Professional Man (1969)
*French Crime in the Romantic Age (1970)
*Bluebeard and After: Three Decades of Murder in France (1972)
*The Sex War and Others: Survey of Recent Murder, Principally in France (1973)
*Reflections on the "Newgate Calendar" (1975)
*Two Moons (1977)
*Tales from the "Newgate Calendar" (1981)
*Master Eccentric: Journals, 1969-81 (1986)
*The Pier (1986)

Critical studies

*Buckell, G.J. (2007). "Heppenstall - A Critical Study" (DAP). ISBN 1564784711 : ISBN-13 978-1564784711

References

* [http://www.centerforbookculture.org/context/no18/heppenstall.html On Heppenstall's life and works]
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1665974/ Heppenstall on imdb.com]
*Jonathan Goodman (ed.), The Master Eccentric: The Journals of Rayner Heppenstall, 1969-1981 (London and New York, Allison & Busby, c1986), 278p. ISBN 0-85031-536-0

External links

* [http://books.dalkeyarchive.com/book/each_book/387 Rayner Heppenstall - A Critical Study by G. J. Buckell]