- Gheorghe Flondor
Gheorghe Flondor (
August 31 ,1892 –April 26 ,1976 ,Bucharest ) wasRomania n politician who served as Royal Resident ("Rezident Regal") ofŢinutul Suceava from February 7, 1939 to September 23, 1940.Political career
Flondor was born in Roman to Tudor and Maria Flondor; his uncle was
Iancu Flondor . In 1910 he graduated from State High School nr. 3 in Cernăuţi, part ofAustria-Hungary at the time. That year he began courses at theUniversity of Vienna 's Law Faculty, where he studied for three years and took part of hislicentiate . He underwent his last year of studies atCharles University in Prague .After graduating university, he was mobilised into the
Austro-Hungarian Army . He took part in battles on the Serbian Front inWorld War I , where his unit (14thDragoon s Regiment) suffered heavy losses. From 1915 to 1917 he fought on the Russian Front and advanced to the rank ofSub-Lieutenant . For his distinguished merits he was decorated with high military distinctions: "Silver Medal" Class I and II with Signum Laudis and "Cross of Merit" Class II. In the spring of 1917 he fought on the Romanian Front, where he was wounded, being cared for in theBaden military hospital. Once he recovered, he was sent to the Italian Front and promoted to the rank of Captain. Upon his request, he was relieved of his duties shortly before the end of hostilities, under the pretext of administrative family duties in Rogojeşti, which had been left to the exclusive handling of his mother.In 1923, he entered politics, joining the National Liberal Party at the suggestion of
Ion Nistor , a bitter political and open personal enemy of Flondor's uncle, Iancu. He was elected deputy forRădăuţi in theParliament of Romania (1927–1935) and then senator for Rădăuţi (1935–1937).In 1927, he married Lucia Stephanovici (later known under the pen name of Lotte Berg as a translator and author of children's books). They had a son, Tudorel (b. 1929), a scientist and national chess champion for 1951. [National Championships for Men]
Flondor was also president of Siret Bank and of the General Trade Union for Animal Export. In the latter capacity, he travelled, with a view toward cracking new markets, to
Austria ,Germany ,Egypt and Palestine. For two successive terms, he was also president of the Rădăuţi Agricultural Chamber and director of the Cernăuţi Northern Bank.Royal Resident and prosecution
After his election as a
National Renaissance Front counsellor in 1939, that February he was named Royal Resident of Ţinutul Suceava, with a residence at Cernăuţi. His programme, presented upon his installation, foresaw:
* The raising of living standards for the peasantry, then suffering severe economic times.
* The maintenance of public order, in the context of two growing threats: theIron Guard , and Bolshevist agitation coming from across the Soviet border.As Royal Resident he made a number of administrative and urban-development contributions. After the Soviet ultimatum of June 1940,
Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina were incorporated into the USSR. OnJune 28 ,1940 , twenty-two years after the Union championed by Iancu Flondor, another Flondor implemented the act of cession, completing his term inVatra Dornei . During World War II, Gheorghe Flondor helped save the lives of 12 Jewish families. [Bukovina văzută din Israel]After leaving Northern Bukovina, Flondor quit politics entirely and settled in
Sibiu , where in 1945 he divorced his wife. The Communist regime went after him because he had been a Royal Resident. In 1952 he was arrested, being tried publicly in 1956 and sentenced by the Military Tribunal of Region II to 10 years' hard imprisonment.During the trial, twelve Romanian citizens of Jewish origin from
Siret went to the State Notary of the former Siret Raion, Suceava Region, and signed a declaration affirming that "during the racial persecutions, [Flondor] had a fair, democratic and well-intentioned attitude toward the Jewish population, helping it at critical moments in relation to the racial persecution against the Jews by the fascist authorities". However, the tribunal did not take this declaration into account.He was freed in the general amnesty of 1964, already a sick old man. Having been deprived of all his property, he was also forbidden from taking up residence with his last living relatives, in
Bucharest . He died in that city twelve years later.Notes
References
* Mihai Pânzaru-Bucovina, "Gheorghe Flondor, ultimul rezident regal al Bucovinei", Rădăuţi, Ed. Institutului Bucovina-Basarabia, 2000.
* Emil Satco (with Eugen Dimitriu and Erich Beck), "Enciclopedia Bucovinei",Suceava ,Iaşi : Princeps Edit, 2004. ISBN 973-7730-05-4
* C. Al. Racovitza, Mihai Pânzaru, [http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2000/current6/mi10.htm "Flondorii"] , from "Magazin Istoric", nr. 6, 2000.
* [http://www.bukovinajewsworldunion.org/Newsl.B.html "Bukovina văzută din Israel"] , Newsletter of World Union of Jews from Bukovina, Nr. 1,September 1 ,2005
* [http://www.frsah.ro/prezentare.htm "National Championships for Men"] , at Romanian Chess Federation websiteExternal links
* Ioan Abutnăriţei, [http://www.orionmedia.ro/mdd/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=400&Itemid=37 "Brutalitatea ultimatumului sovietic din iunie 1940"] ("The brutal Soviet ultimatum of June, 1940"), "Monitorul de Dorna"
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