- Svirlag
Svirlag, SvirLAG (Svirskiy Lager' - Svir Concentration-Camp, _ru. Свирлаг, also _ru. Свирьлаг / _ru. СвирЛАГ - _ru. Свирский концентрационно трудовой лагерь) was a Soviet
forced labour camp run byNKVD 'sGULAG Directorate. It was located on the riverSvir (hence the name Svirskiy in Russian) in the forests by the townLodeynoye Pole , 244 km north-east ofSaint Petersburg , inSaint Petersburg region (Leningrad oblast ,Vepsland - the land of theVepses ), operated in the 1930s (Joseph Stalin 's time) and onwards. SvirLAG concentration camp was supplier of wood toMoscow and Saint Petersburg.The number of those who died or were killed in Svirlag in 1930 s (the times of the most numerous and heavy executions that took place in SvirLAG seem to be 1931–1937Fact|date=June 2007) is measured in thousands of victims. In 1935, 36.500 inmates were kept in this camp.
The concentration camp was located in the medieval buildings of once
Alexander-Svirsky Monastery (after 16-th century SaintAlexander Svirsky who being one of two only withAbraham who had a vision ofTrinity , died in 1533). Bolsheviks closed and vandalized the monastery in 1918 (it finally ceased in 1925). The holy relics were removed, monks partly executed and partly expelled. The chief of the monasteryarchimandrite Evgeniy Trofimov was executed onOctober 23 ,1918 along with 5 monks behind the monastery walls. The monastery buildings were turned into prisons, barracks, andmental asylum . OnSeptember 22 ,1998 Ministry of Culture of Russia andRussian Ministry of State Property signed decree about delivery of monastery back to Saint Petersburg parish ofRussian Orthodox Church .virlag compared in GULAG system
"The situation review" of
GULAG for October 1935 presents the average composition of the camp population as for October 1934 - 694.100 persons, as for October 1935 - 828.800 persons and of these 36.500 were concentrated in SvirLAG - 6 th by size along withBamlag (the biggest with 190.300 inmates in Svobodnyi,Amur Oblast ),Dmitlag (193.300 inmates),Volgolag onVolga ,Belbaltlag (82.000 inmates) andUkhtpechlag inUkhta ,Temlag (21.100 inmates),Dallag (70.200 inmates),Siblag (Siberian concentration camp 74.600 inmates),Sazlag ,Karlag (34.100 inmates),Prorvlag ,Sarlag ,Vetlag ,Sevvostlag (47.700 inmates),Vaygach ,Norilsklag inNorilsk .Convicts and victims
Political and church convicts were kept there. Only 1 of 4 was a criminal.
Among the tortures applied by the camp administration was leaving bound inmates in cellar with hungry rats that were accustomed to human meat, inmates had been eaten alive by rats. Many never returned alive. Fact|date=June 2007
The administration of the camp was based in
Svirstroy (Svir Construction Directorate) on theSvir River . The convicted inmates worked in mines extractingmica , stone andclay .Sampson Sievers -hieromonk (born of English mother) of Saint Petersburg'sAlexander Nevsky Lavra was imprisoned and tortured in this camp (from 1932, what is witnessed by archival documents and personal testimonies), though survived.Among other inmates who were imprisoned or executed in SvirLAG were:
* Archbishop Augustine (
Alexander Belayev ) (inprisoned in SvirLAG in 1931–1934, executedNovember 23 ,1937 ),Russian Orthodox archbishop .
*Vladimir Vorobyev (b. in 1876 in Russia'sSaratov region , sat in SvirLAG in 1931–1932, died inKuybyshev prison in 1940 from heart paralysis) - archeologist and Russian Orthodox parish priest.
*Stepan Rudnytskyi - Ukrainian geographer, founder of Ukrainiangeography (born inTarnopol in 1877, thenAustro-Hungary ), sat in SvirLAG in 1933–1937 where he was also executed in 1937 .
*Yulian Shpol (literary name, in life:Mykhaylo Yalovyi - Ukrainian writer (born inPoltava region ), arrested in 1933 andMay 11 ,1934 with special convoy sent to SvirLAG, 2,5 years later executed in SvirLAGNovember 3 ,1937 .
*Magzhan Zhumabayev -Kazakh poet, arrested by Soviet authorities in 1929, sent to Svirlag were he was imprisoned untilJune 2 ,1934 . Arrested again in 1935 inAlma-Ata , March 1938 he was executed by organs of NKVD.Archival statistics tells that only in one year of 1932 1.569 died or were executed in Svirlag and in 1935 3.887 inmates more died or were killed in Svirlag, this makes total of 5.456 victims just in two years of 1932 and 1935.
Links
* [http://www.lib.ru/PRAWO/timofeew.txt Statistics on numbers of victims of Soviet concentration camps by Timofeev (in Russian), presents also SvirLAG]
* [http://www.svirskoe.ru/ The official site of Alexander-Svirsky Monastery, buildings of which had been used for Svirlag in 1930 s]
* [http://www.svirskoe.ru/ru/history/evgeny/index.php Russian Golgotha: Neo-martyrs of Alexander-Svirsky Monastery (in Russian)]
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