Perinthalmanna

Infobox Indian Jurisdiction
native_name = Perinthalmanna | type = city | latd = 10.98 | longd = 76.23
state_name = Kerala
district = Malappuram
leader_title =
leader_name =
altitude =
population_as_of = 2001
population_total = 44,613| population_density =
area_magnitude= sq. km
area_total =
area_telephone = 04933
postal_code = 679322
vehicle_code_range = KL-53
sex_ratio =
unlocode =
website =
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Perinthalmanna is a city and a municipality in Malappuram district in the Indian state of Kerala. It was the erstwhile capital city of Valluvanad, an erstwhile princely state of Kerala. Calicut, Manjeri, Palkkad are the major cities near to Perinthalmanna.Perinthalmanna is a town with strong historical and cultural heritage, and for last several centuries, has remained a center of trading and commercial activity for several villages around it, including its hinterland. The town became a municipality on 10 February, 1990.

Perinthalmanna is known as a city of hospitals. It has four super speciality hospitals including a medical college and a number of small and mid sized hospitals and clincs. As a result a good part of the population consists of migrant people from out of the town in medicine-related fields.

The poet Poonthanam, author of Njanappana and his house known as 'Poonthanam illam' is very near to Perinthalmanna, and Elamkulam, the birth place of E.M.S. Namboodiripad is also close to Perinthalmanna.

Current statistics

*Land Area: 34.41 km²
*Population 1991 Census: 39027
*Kerala Assembly Constituency

Origin of the name

Etymologically, "Perinthalmanna" derives its name from a Malayalam word "perinthallu", which literally means "big, rigorous fighting". The traditions associated with this ancient town state that in the olden days, sporting events, including martial activities, were organized under the leadership of Kakooth Nair, the commander-in-chief of Valluvakkonathiri. These sporting events were organized before Angadipuram Thirumandhamkunnu Temple ("See below") festival, which was celebrated after harvesting of crops in the month of "Makara", corresponding to the months of January/February) of the gregorian calendar. Another main event organized used to be "Aattakalam" or the stage for Kathakali performance. People from a cross section of the society participated in these festivities, and everyone wanted to see the place were the "Perinthallu" (that is, the rigorous fighting) took place (a place situated to the east of Angadipuram), which became known as "Perinthallu", and got modified to its present form of "Perinthalmanna" under British influence.

Historic Perinthalmanna

In the olden days Valluvanad was an independent princely state. The ruler of Valluvanad was a witness during the offering of the title deed by king Veeraraghava in 1320. After the death of Cheraman Perumal(1320-1342) Kerala was divided among the rulers of Thiruvithamcoore, Kochi, Kolothunaadu, Kurumbanadu and Valluvanad states. The post of the ruler of Valluvanad was known as Valluvakkonathiri. The eldest member of Ayirazhi- Kadannamanna-aripra 'Kovilakam' became the Valluvakkonathiri. At first the capital of Valluvanad was Kuruvaand and later Angadipuram became the capital. As it was the land ruled by the "Valluvakkonathiri" it came to be known as Valluanad. Even at that time Perinthalmanna was considered to be the main center of Valluvanad. Both Perinthalmanna province and Angadipuram province were together known as Angadipuram. In the past The Perinthalmanna High School was known as Angadipuram Elementary School. Even the police station was known as Angadipuram Police Station.

British period

Background
From 1835 until late 19th century, violent disturbances surfaced from time to time in different parts of Malabar region, particularly in Eranad and Valluvanad, and the adjoining areas, which included Perinthalmanna. These disturbances and uprisings were basically agrarian unrest. After these disturbances subsided, relative peace returned to large areas currently comprising the state of Kerala. Malabar came under the direct administrative control of the British raj, and was made a part of the Madras Presidency. Mappila rebellion
In 1921, Mappila rebellion, also known as Mopla riots occurred. These incidents also affected Valluvanad. There were large scale religious violence and riots in different parts of valluvanad, followed by large scale exodus of people from the riot affected areas.

An investigation carried out by Sir Logan, the-then Collector and District Magistrate of Wygram found that the report given by Sir Steinch stating that riots were the out come of religious fanaticism was wrong. Sir Logan was appointed as a special officer to investigate into the matter and whether the complaint that the landlords did not give land to construct mosques is true or not. The report submitted by Sir Logan stated that the Muslims considered it to be a religious right to take arms against the landlords who maltreated the tenants and the government which supported such landlordsFact|date=July 2007.

At that time, a notable incident that rocked Valluvanad was looting of the government treasury by the rioters, and some reports state that even currency notes, looted from the treasury, were found scattered on the roads. Even though these rumors instigated violence in Eranad and many other parts of Valluvanad, the residents of Perinthalmanna had to a certain extent refrained themselves from indulging in violence. The main reason for this is the social and cultural amity that existed in Perinthalmanna. Local self governance
Perinthalmanna was at first under Malappuram Taluk board and then under valluvanad Taluk board. This place became a Panchayath in 1933, and the Panchayath office was situated in the building where the lower primary school functioned. The first Panchayath president was P. Achuthan Menon. According to the local bodies Act, Panchayath president was selected by organizing a public meeting and raising the hands to show the support for each member. All the executive powers were vested on the Panchayath president.

Tourist spots

Kulirmala : This hill which lies close to Perinthalmanna town in the highest point from where we can get a glimpse of the whole town and the neighboring places. It has a verdant landscape with water springs. The foots prints of 'Hanuman' present on this hill is very famous. We can hear the similar sounds of water flowing from the hole on top of the hill.

Olingara : Situated near to PTM Govt. College it is one of the highest regions which blessed with water springs which has never dried up even in summer.

Pathaikkara Mana [http://users.domaindlx.com/nathu1000/pathaikkara/index.htm] : Historically relevant 'Illams' and 'Manas' which followed the ancient rituals is situated here. Adjacent to the 'Mana' there are two big wells with two big lids carved out of rocks so as to cover the wells. Adjacent to this 'Mana' there is another famous and historical relevant place named 'Raman Kuzhi'. A tiger den is also present in this place.

Eravimangalam : 'Mundekkat Mana' and 'Paloli Mana' which depicts the past glories is situated here. Eravimangalam Public reading room which has special significance historically is also present here.

Kodikuthimala : A scenic hilltop near Perinthalmanna town named after the flag hosting during the survey conducted by British. Its panoramic view attracts tourists all over Kerala. From here we can see several mountains and rivers surrounding Perinthalmanna town. The watch tower, suicide point and water falls are famous. Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) is now developing it further.

Pilgrim centres

The kind of cosmopolitan existence Perinthalmanna has is best reflected in the presence of its several pilgrim centres. Pilgrim centres of all religions abound this tiny state. Religion is the heartbeat of this city and the followers of all the major religions, namely, Hinduism, Islam and Christians have lived here for centuries. Together came up temples, mosques, churches, and spiritual centers. There is a very long list of temples, mosques and tombs, and churches spread all over Perinthalmanna.

Juma Masjid: Built at the time of the incursion of Tippu. It is situated near the private bus station, at Ootty road which accommodates 12,000 worshippers on most Fridays.

Masjidul Huda:is an important mosque of the city which initiated malayalam qutba.

Salafi Masjid:important mosque of the city which has malayalam qutba.

Shiva Temple Poothoor: One of the ancient shrines of Lord Shiva in North Kerala. It is located at Trichur road Perinthalmanna, 750 m from private bus station.

Lord Matha Church: The first Christian church established at Perinthalmanna city. It is also one of the ancient churches in Malabar. It Is located at Calicut road Perinthalmanna, 650 m from private bus station.

Chakkuvara Temple: This temple enjoys a special place in the social history Eranadu for having given entry to the Untouchables. It is built in the model Pazhani temple.

Uppom Kava Temple The temple is located very near to the Amminikkad In the name of " Loard Ayyappan " Very ancient temple Now it is reconstructed by the villagers There is Different kind of Daily poojas And many Persons Visiting day by day.

odamala makhamit is an important place for muslims.here is the qab'r of FAREED AULIYA ,one among thehighly respected soofi .herethere is swalath majlis,and other islamic functios...

Korokulath Ayyappan Kav Pathaikkara: The kav is located near to Pathaikkara mana.

Vadakkekaran Kava Temple : Located 500m From Panambi

Valyangadi Palli/Mosque:Most prominent mosque which could be considered oldest in the locality catering to 10,000 worshippers for Friday mass.In Masjid Compound there is a man made lake with water in all seasons.Nowadays in masjid Mahallu Camittee conducting Swalath in Every months first Sunday,Thousands of people are participating for the Swalath.

Pattani Mosque: It is named after the group of people who came to look into the affairs of the soldiers of Tippu.

Angadipuram Thirumanthamkunnu Temple: close to perinthalmanna is very famous and historically important too. The 'chaver sangam' had been started from this temple after their prayer on the way to Thirunavaya, the soil of 'mamankam'.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census, [GR|India] Perinthalmanna had a population of 44,613. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Perinthalmanna has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 79%. In Perinthalmanna, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Nearest Places

*Pandikadu
*Angadipuram
*Cherukara
*Anamangad

=The medical revolution"'In a town of 50,000 population there are officially 400 doctors practising their profession.There are 3 major tertiary care hospitals which have the most modern facilities at extremely affordable costs. It costs around 20,000/- for an angioplasty.The orthopedics wing in one of the hospitals is considered to be among the best in the country and joint replacements are done at similar rates.

References