- Black-backed Jackal
Taxobox
name = Black-backed JackalMSW3 Wozencraft | id=14000776 ]
fossil_range =Pliocene cite book | author= Macdonald, David | title=The Velvet Claw | year=1992 | pages= 256 | id=0563208449 ] - Recent
status = LC
trend = stable
status_system = iucn2.3
status_ref = IUCN2006|assessors=Loveridge & Nel|year=2004|id=3755|title=Canis mesomelas|downloaded=11 May 2006 Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern]
image_width = 250px
regnum =Animal ia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Mammalia
ordo =Carnivora
familia =Canidae
genus = "Canis "
species = "C. mesomelas"
binomial = "Canis mesomelas"
binomial_authority = Schreber, 1775
range_
range_map_width = 200px
range_map_caption = Black-backed Jackal rangeThe Black-backed Jackal ("Canis mesomelas"), also known as the Silver-backed Jackal is a
mammal of the orderCarnivora . The Black-backed Jackal inhabits two areas of theAfrica n continent separated by roughly 900kilometers . One region includes the southern-most tip of the continent includingSouth Africa ,Namibia ,Botswana , andZimbabwe . The other area is along the eastern coastline, includingKenya ,Somalia , andEthiopia .cite web | title = Canis mesomelas | work = | publisher = Animal Diversity Web | url = http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Canis_mesomelas.html | accessdate = 2007-09-13]Description
The fossil record indicates that the Black-backed Jackal is the oldest member of the genus "
Canis ".As its name suggests, the species' most distinguishing feature is the silver-black fur running from the back of the neck to the base of the tail. The chest and under parts are white to rusty-white, whereas the rest of the body ranges from reddish brown to ginger. Females tend not to be as richly colored as males, like many other animals, such as ducks. The winter coat of adult males develops a reddish to an almost deep russet red color.
The Black-backed Jackal is typically 14-19
inch es (32–42centimeter s) high at the shoulder, 45-90 centimeters (18-36 inches) long and 15–30 pounds (7–13.5kilogram s) in weight.cite web | title = Black-backed jackal | work = | publisher = Lioncrusher's Domain | url = http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=31 | accessdate = 2007-09-13] Specimens in the southern part of the continent tend to be larger than their more northern cousins.The Black-backed Jackal is noticeably more slender than other species of jackals, with large, erect, pointed ears. The muzzle is long and pointed. The dental formula is 3/3-1/1-4/4-2/3=42.cite web | title = Black-backed jackal | work = | publisher = Canids.org | url = http://www.canids.org/species/Black-backed_jackal.pdf | accessdate = 2007-09-13]
Scent glands are present on the face and the anus and genital regions. The Black-backed Jackal has 6-8 mammae.Behaviour
The Black-backed Jackal usually lives together in pairs that last for life, but often hunts in packs to catch larger prey such as the
Impala andantelope s. It is very territorial; each pair dominates a permanent territory. It is mainly nocturnal, but the Black-backed Jackal comes out in the day occasionally. Its predators include theLeopard and humans. Jackals are sometimes killed for their furs, or because they are considered predators of livestock.Diet and Hunting
These jackals adapt their diets to the available food sources in their habitat.It often scavenges, but it is also a successful hunter. Its omnivorous diet includes, among other things: the Impala, fur seal cubs,
gazelle s,guineafowl s,insect s,rodent s,hare s,lizard s,snake s,fruit s and berries,domestic animals such assheep andgoat s, andcarrion .As with most other species of smallcanid s, jackals typicallyforage alone or in pairs. When foraging, the Black-backed Jackal moves with a distinctive trottinggait . Its hunting methods are typical of canids which hunt small prey. Small prey such as rodents may be detected by listening for movement in dry grass or other vegetation. When the prey is thus located the jackal will then stalk until it is close enough to pounce, eitherpinning the prey beneath itsforepaws or flushing it into the open where a brief chase may ensue. Small prey is killed with a bite to the nape of the neck, often accompanied by violent shaking which dislocates the cervical vertebrae. Despite its size, a single jackal is also capable of killing small antelope such as gazelles.Fact|date=October 2007 When killing antelope and livestock such as sheep and goats, the jackal uses a prolonged throat bite which results in suffocation of the victim.Fact|date=October 2007Reproduction
The Black-backed Jackal has a 2-month gestation period. Each litter consists of 3–6 pups, each of which weighs 200–250 grams. At 8 months,the pups are old enough to leave their parents and establish territories of their own. Often, a young jackal returns to help the parents raise another litter. In these cases, the next litter is much more likely to survive. Like several jackal species, the Black-backed Jackal is typically monogamous.
Habitat
The Black-backed Jackal occurs in a wide variety of African habitats, such as open woodlands, scrubland,
savanna , and bush. They can easily adapt to different habitats. They are quite common throughout their range, and have a low risk of endangerment.ubspecies
There are two recognized subspecies of this canid:
*"Canis mesomelas mesomelas"
*"Canis mesomelas schmidti"References
External links
*http://www.nationalgeographic.com
*http://www.bbc.co.uk
*http://www.kenyalogy.com
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