Saint Panteleimon, Ohrid

Infobox religious building
building_name=Saint Panteleimon Свети Пантелејмон


caption=The exterior of the monastery
location=Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia
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religious_affiliation=Macedonian Orthodox Church (Eastern Orthodox Church)
district=Plaošnik
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architect=Clement of Ohrid
architecture_type=Middle-Byzantine
architecture_style=Byzantine style
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capacity=3,000
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Saint Panteleimon ( _mk. Свети Пантелејмон, transliterated "Sveti Pantelejmon", pronEng|pantɛlɛjmɔn) is a monastery in Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia situated on Plaošnik. It is attributed to Clement of Ohrid, a disciple of Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius. Archaeologists have come to believe that the monastery was the site where the first students of the Glagolitic alphabet (used to translate the Bible into Old Church Slavonic) were taught. Saint Panteleimon is the most sacred and holiest site among ethnic Macedonians.

History

[
Christ is overlooking them]

The monastery is believed to have been built when Saint Clement arrived in Ohrid, at the request of Boris I of Bulgaria and restored an old church. Sources say that Saint Clement was not satisfied with the size of the church and therefore built a new one over it and assigned Saint Panteleimon as its patron saint.

Saint Clement used his newly created monastery as a liturgical building and a place for teaching his disciples his variation of the Glagolitic alphabet, known as the Cyrillic alphabet. Clement personally built a crypt inside the monastery in which he was buried after his death in 916, his tomb still exists today.

In the 15th century, Ottoman Turks converted the monastery into a mosque but during the beginning of the 16th century allowed ruined churches and monasteries to be restored, therefore, so was Saint Clement's monastery. The monastery was again ruined during the end of the 16th century or the beginning of the 17th century and yet another mosque, called Imaret Mosque, was erected by the Ottomans, this mosque still exists to this day. [ [http://www.ohrid.org.mk/eng/crkvi/pantelej.htm Official site of Ohrid] St. Clement's monastery "St. Pantheleimon"]

Architecture

Many archaeologists believe that Clement himself designed and constructed the monastery. Clement, along with Naum of Preslav would use the monastery as a basis for teaching the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabets to Christianised Slavs thus making it a university.

The monastery stands on a hill which is now known as Plaošnik overlooking Lake Ohrid. Clement built his monastery on a restored church and a Roman basilica of five parts (the remains of the basilicas can still be seen outside the monastery). Judging by the architectural style and design of the monastery, researchers say that Saint Clement intended for his building to be a literary school for disciples, thus it is believed to be the first and oldest discontinued university in Europe.The exterior of the monastery contains a large number of finely detailed mosaics not far from a stone Baptismal font used to baptise his disciples.

Reconstruction and excavation

Apart from the monastery's many reconstructions during the Ottoman empire, it has recently undergone extensive reconstruction and excavation. Reconstruction started on December 8, 2000 and the physical church was fully reconstructed by August 10, 2002. Most of Saint Clement's relics were returned to the church. [ [http://www.stmichaels-audley.org.uk/dc6.htm Journey to Macedonia] Part II: St. Clement of Ohrid, "Fr Samuel", December, 2006] A partially ruined bell tower was restored on the right side of the monastery and the floors of the interior of the church have been reconstructed with marble. Reconstruction was carried out by hand using materials used to build the original church in order to preserve the original spirituality of the monastery. Machines were only used to polish the interior during the reconstruction of the monastery. [ [http://www.culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=3039&rub=43 Culture - Republic of Macedonia] On Plaosnik – a New Building on Ancient Foundations – Saint Clement’s Temple Resurrects in the New Age, "Nova Makedonija", 4.05.2002] The first excavations of the monastery were carried out in 1943 by Prof. Dimche Koco. Excavations inside the monastery have revealed underground tunnels and crypts. Further excavations have been planned to uncover more remains under the monastery, including more ruins of the Roman basilicas that stood there (the pillars outside the monastery support the idea of more remains).

On October 10, 2007, a depot of approximately 2,383 Venetian coins was discovered by archaeologists while excavating the monastery. A prominent archaeologist of the Republic of Macedonian, Pasko Kuzman, stated that the coins are of special significance because they indicate that Ohrid and Venice were commercially linked. [ [http://culture.in.mk/story.asp?id=21569&rub=43 Culture - Republic of Macedonia] Archaeology – Depot with Venetian Silver Coins Excavated, "Večer", 10.10.2007]

Tradition

As the monastery is the most sacred of all the churches in the Republic of Macedonia, thousands of Macedonian Orthodox Christians gather at Plaošnik during large religious holidays such as Easter and Christmas to celebrate and take part in the liturgies.

References