Togalu Gombeyaata

"Togalu Gombeyaata" is a puppet show unique to the state of Karnataka, India. "Togalu Gombeyaata" translates to "a play of leather dolls" in the native language of Kannada. A description of Togalu Gombeyaata is provided by cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/03/stories/2005010301760300.htm|author=Staff Correspondent|title=Create atmosphere to develop rural theatre|work=Online Edition of The Hindu, dated 2005-01-03|publisher=2005, The Hindu|accessdate=2005-01-03] . It is a form of shadow puppetry. Karnataka Chitrakala Parishat has undertaken research on this art and has a good collection of leather puppets.

Making of the puppet

The puppets used in "Togalu Gombeyaata" are made of leather. Goat hide and deer skin are generally used for making these puppets since they have the characteristic of transparency and can easily absorb colours. The raw hide is treated with salt and caustic soda to remove hair and other impurities and then dried. Then colours are applied on the leather using locally available vegetable dyes. Red, blue, green and black colours are usually used.. A description of Togalu Gombeyaata is provided by cite web|url=http://www.puppetindia.com/shadow.htm|title=Shadow Puppets|work=Online Webpage of PuppetIndia.com|publisher=2001 Puppetindia.com|accessdate=2007-04-29] The hide is then cut into appropriate shapes which are joined together using strings and small sticks. For puppets representing human and animal figures, the head and limbs are joined in such a way that they can be moved easily. A detailed description of leather puppets is provided by cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/art/puppets.htm|title=Leather Puppets of India|author=K.L. Kamat|work=Online Webpage of Kamat's Potpourri|publisher=1996-2007 Kamat's Potpourri|accessdate=2007-04-29] The maximum size of the puppet is 4 x 3 feet and the minimum is 6 x 3 inches. ] The puppets are usually characters from the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. But with the advent of new era, personalities such as Mahatma Gandhi are also created using puppets. Changes in the art of "Togalu Gombeyaata" are mentioned by cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/puppets/show.htm|title=Kamat Goes to a Puppet Show|author=K.L. Kamat|work=Online Webpage of Kamat's Potpourri|publisher=1996-2007 Kamat's Potpourri|accessdate=2007-04-29]

Stage and settings

A stage is set up using bamboo stems and woollen blankets. A white semi-transparent cloth is strung across and serves as a screen on which the images of the puppets are projected. The puppets are strung across a rope behind the screen and a bright oil lamp placed behind the puppets project their images on to the screen. The puppeteers sit behind the screen and manipulate the puppets based on the scene being played. ] However, innovation has entered this art with the usage of steel frames for stage, loud speakers to render voices and an arc-lamp instead of the oil lamp. ]

Performance

The performance usually starts with an invocation to the Hindu God Ganesha and to the Hindu Goddess of learning Saraswathi. The scenes enacted are usually those belonging to the Hindu epics, Ramayana, Mahabharata and the Puranas. The puppeteers also provide voice to the puppets and an accompanying music is provided using a mukha-veena (veena played using mouth) or a harmonium. The puppets are controlled using sticks and strings. The performances usually commence at night and continue till dawn.

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