Tram engine

:"This article relates to UK tram engines. For US tram engines see Steam dummy"A Tram engine is a locomotive specially built, or modified, to work on a street, or roadside, tramway. On the TV series Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends, Toby was a tram engine.

team tram engines

In the steam locomotive era, tram engines had to comply with certain legal requirements, although these varied from country to country:

* The engine must be governed to a maximum speed of 10 miles per hour (8 mph in the UK)
* No steam or smoke may be emitted
* It must be free from noise produced by blast or clatter
* The machinery must be concealed from view at all points above 4 inches from rail level

To avoid smoke, the fuel used was coke, rather than coal. To prevent visible emission of steam, two opposite systems were used:

* condensing the exhaust steam and returning the condensate to the water tank
* superheating the exhaust steam to make it invisible

Builders

Henry Hughes

Henry Hughes of the Falcon Works, Loughborough started building tram engines in 1876. His engines were of the saddle-tank type and exhaust steam was condensed in a tank under the footplate by jets of cold water from the saddle-tank.

Kitson & Co

Kitson & Co. started to build tram engines in 1878. They used a roof-mounted, air-cooled, condenser of thin copper tubes in which the exhaust steam was condensed. This is rather like the radiator on a modern road vehicle. The air-cooled system eventually became standard for steam tram engines.

William Wilkinson

William Wilkinson of Wigan patented the superheating system about 1881. It now seems bizarre to superheat steam after, rather than before, use because it would involve considerable waste of fuel. Despite this, the Wilkinson system was popular for a time and engines of the Wilkinson type continued to be built up to about 1886.

Others

Other British builders of steam tram engines included:

* Aveling and Porter
* Beyer-Peacock
* Charles Burrell & Sons
* Dick, Kerr & Co.
* Thomas Green & Son
* Manning Wardle
* Merryweather & Sons

Decline

Steam tram engines faded out around 1900, being replaced by electric trams or buses.

tored energy types

Tram engines have been built to run on stored energy in various forms, including:

* Fireless steam
* Compressed air, (see also Mekarski system)
* Electric storage batteries

These engines have not met with great success because of their limited range.

Diesel tram engines

Four of the British Rail Class 04 diesel locomotives were fitted with sideplates and cowcatchers for working on the Wisbech and Upwell Tramway.

Preservation

* Kitson 0-4-0 steam tram engine (Portstewart Tramway No,1) at Streetlife Museum of Transport, Kingston upon Hull
* Kitson 0-4-0 steam tram engine (Portstewart Tramway No.2) at the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, Cultra, County Down.
* Beyer Peacock 0-4-0 steam tram engine at National Tramway Museum, Crich, Derbyshire

ources, Literature

* "History of the Steam Tram" by H. A. Whitcombe, published by the Oakwood Press in 1961
* "The British Steam Tram" by J.S. Webb
* "A History of the British Steam Tram", volume 1, by David Gladwin, 2004

External links

* [http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/GenerateContent?CONTENT_ITEM_ID=87308&CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE=0&MENU_ID=10277 Birmingham steam tram]
* [http://www.beyerpeacock.co.uk/main/Beyer%20Peacock%20Tram%20Engines.html Beyer Peacock steam tram engine]
* [http://library.christchurch.org.nz/Heritage/Photos/Disc14/IMG0052.asp Kitson steam tram engine in New Zealand]