Visual ethics

Visual ethics is an emerging interdisciplinary field of scholarship that brings together religious studies, philosophy, photo and video journalism, visual arts, and cognitive science in order to explore the ways human beings relate to others ethically through visual perception. Historically, the field of ethics has relied heavily on rational-linguistic approaches, largely ignoring the importance of seeing and visual representation to human moral behavior. At the same time, studies in visual culture tend to analyze imagistic representations while ignoring many of the ethical dimensions involved. Visual ethics is a field of cross-fertilization of ethics and visual culture studies that seeks to understand how the production and reception of visual images is always ethical, whether or not we are consciously aware of this fact.

Ethics of Visual Production

On the one hand, visual ethics is concerned with ethical issues involved in the production of visual images. For example, how do representations in newsmedia deploy cultural codes of race, class, ethnicity, gender, and so on in order to create distance from or empathy with specific people and groups? How can visual representations of the other facilitate or foreclose certain ethical responses from viewers? When is it ethically justifiable to capture and share images of another person in a moment of vulnerability? With whom should such images be shared?

Ethics of Visual Reception

Visual ethics is equally concerned with the ethics of reception, that is, with seeing as an ethical act. How do different images influence our ethical responses and moral behavior in different ways? To what extent do our ethical responses to images take place pre-reflectively, by visual-perceptual processes in the body-mind, before images even come to consciousness?

Visual Ethics Symposium

In April 2007, the Baker-Nord Center for the Humanities and the Inamori Center for Ethics at Case Western Reserve University hosted an interdisciplinary group of scholars in the fields of philosophical ethics, religious studies, theology, visual culture studies, neuroscience, and cognitive science to develop the first research collaboration on visual ethics.

Further reading

Visual ethics is an emerging scholarly field; there is no "visual ethics" section at Barnes & Noble. Nonetheless, certain books in the fields of ethics, visual culture, and cognitive science have proven particularly influential thus far.

* Judith Butler (2004). Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: Verso.
* Antonio R. Damasio (1994). Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain. New York: Grosset/Putnam.
* Mark Johnson (1993). Moral Imagination: Implications of Cognitive Science for Ethics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Emmanuel Levinas. 1969. Totality and Infinity. Trans. Alphonso Lingis. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
* W.J.T. Mitchell (2006). What Do Pictures Want? Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
* Kaja Silverman (1995). Threshold of the Visible World. New York: Routledge.
* Susan Sontag (1973). On Photography. New York: Picador.
* Susan Sontag (2004). Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Penguin.

External links

* [http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/news/2006/08/ethics.html A Question of Truth: Photojournalism and Visual Ethics] by Donald R. Winslow
* [http://www.crosscurrents.org/MilesPlateSpring2004.htm "Hospitable Vision: Some Notes on the Ethics of Seeing Film"] by Margaret Miles and S. Brent Plate

References